Table 3.
Pre-onset Clinical Characteristics According to Etiologic Classification
| Variable | CHD (n=278) |
VHD (n=42) |
HTN (n=140) |
Other (n=74) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (HF onset), yrs | 80 | 84 | 83 | 77 | <0.001 |
| Female, n(%) | 118 (42%) | 29 (69%) | 87 (62%) | 35 (47%) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 143 (25) | 143 (25) | 150 (24) | 140 (21) | 0.07 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 76 (13) | 74 (12) | 76 (13) | 76 (11) | 0.91 |
| Diabetes, n(%) | 81 (34%) | 5 (15%) | 26 (22%) | 15 (25%) | 0.03 |
| Smoking history, n(%) | 161 (68%) | 17 (50%) | 71 (61%) | 42 (71%) | 0.11 |
| Prior atrial fibrillation, n(%)‡ | 61 (22%) | 14 (33%) | 41 (29%) | 17 (23%) | 0.21 |
| Hypertension treatment, n(%) | 165 (59%) | 17 (40%) | 90 (64%) | 27 (36%) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 218 (52) | 203 (43) | 213 (43) | 215 (51) | 0.44 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 27.0 (4.7) | 27.3 (6.1) | 26.5 (5.3) | 27.9 (5.7) | 0.18 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n(%) | 215 (77%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
‡
Atrial fibrillation occurring prior to heart failure onset date