Table 4.
Time-of-Onset Clinical Characteristics According to Etiologic Classification
| Variable | CHD (n=278) |
VHD (n=42) |
HTN (n=140) |
Other (n=74) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 142 (35) | 140 (28) | 158 (32) | 143 (34) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 81 (21) | 82 (15) | 86 (19) | 81 (19) | 0.07 |
| Heart rate, bpm, mean (SD) | 90 (23) | 97 (25) | 92 (27) | 97 (26) | 0.045 |
| Respiratory rate, /min, mean (SD) | 26 (8) | 24 (7) | 25 (7) | 25 (6) | 0.57 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean (SD) | 12.9 (2.0) | 12.4 (1.8) | 12.5 (2.3) | 12.8 (2.0) | 0.24 |
| Hematocrit, %, mean (SD) | 38.4 (5.9) | 37.0 (5.2) | 37.7 (7.1) | 38.5 (6.3) | 0.49 |
| Serum sodium, mEq/L, mean (SD) | 138 (5) | 139 (5) | 139 (5) | 138 (4) | 0.05 |
| Serum potassium, mEq/L, mean (SD) | 4.3 (0.6) | 4.2 (0.4) | 4.3 (0.7) | 4.4 (0.6) | 0.76 |
| Albumin, g/dL, mean (SD) | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.7) | 0.21 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.2) | 0.17 |
| Serum BUN, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 29.1 (16.8) | 27.9 (14.6) | 29.9 (17.6) | 29.5 (19.1) | 0.92 |
| Rhythm sinus, n(%) | 205 (74%) | 24 (57%) | 75 (54%) | 43 (58%) | 0.002 |
| Rhythm atrial fibrillation, n(%)¶ | 47 (17%) | 16 (39%) | 50 (36%) | 25 (34%) | <0.001 |
| QRS duration, msec, mean (SD) | 108.7 (26.9) | 110.6 (32.3) | 108.8 (29.9) | 102.2 (30.4) | 0.41 |
| LBBB, n(%) | 31 (11%) | 9 (21%) | 33 (24%) | 10 (14%) | 0.04 |
| RBBB, n(%) | 31 (11%) | 3 (7%) | 14 (10%) | 6 (8%) | 0.94 |
| LVEF ≤45% | 197 (71%) | 17(40%) | 60 (43%) | 40 (54%) | <0.001 |
¶
Atrial fibrillation on day of HF onset only; total patients with ECGs available: 276 CHD, 41 VHD, 138 HTN, 73 Other