. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 10.

Published in final edited form as: Transcult Psychiatry. 2009 Jun;46(2):238–256. doi: 10.1177/1363461509105815

Table 2.

Signs and Symptoms for the 5 Local Mental Health Syndromes

Two tam	Kumu	Par	Kwo Maraco	Ma lwor
Lots of thoughts	Loss of appetite	Lots of thoughts	Fights	Clings to elders
Constant worries	Pain in the heart	Wants to be alone	Uses bad	Thinks has no future
Body pain	Sits with cheek in palm	Easily annoyed	language	Constantly running
Brain isn't functioning	Sits with cheek in palm	Holds head	Is disrespectful	Does not like noise
Think self is of no use	Cries when alone	Loses concentration in class	Misbehaves	Fast heart rate
Thinks about suicide	Does not sleep at night	Drinks alcohol	Drinks alcohol	Fears being alone
Talks about problems	Does not sleep at night	Thinks about suicide	Loses interest in school	Loss of appetite
Sits alone	Talks about problems	Doesn't greet people	Loses interest in school	Wants to be alone
Loses interest in school	Talks about problems	Sits alone	Disinterested	Does not sleep at night
Loses interest in school	Lies down all the time	Lots of worries	Deceitful	Does not sleep at night
Headaches	Lies down all the time	Does not think straight	A rough person	Drinks alcohol
Feels sad	Has lots of worries	Cannot do anything to help themselves	Uses drugs	Doesn't greet people
Does not care if lives or dies	Headaches	Cannot do anything to help themselves	Disobedient	Thinks people are chasing him/her
Does not care if lives or dies	Feels cold	Does not trust		Thinks people are chasing him/her
Thinks of bad things	Weak	Mutters to self
Doesn't feel like talking	Does not feel like talking	Insults friends
Doesn't feel like talking	Does not feel like talking	Disobedient
Forgetful	Disobedient	Weak
Weak		Cries continuously
Cries continuously