Table 1.
Summary of phenotypic changes produced by different dilutions of chemicals in the retina and trunk. Appropriate dilutions (provided in parentheses) were prepared and used to treat embryos (C1–C7). X represents the “T1” concentration from Fig 4. It is the highest concentration tested that produces phenotype in the retina but not in the trunk. Its molar value is indicated next to each compound name. In each table cell, font is color-coded as follows: blue indicates concentrations that do not affect retinal lamination; red indicates concentrations that cause defects of the retinal architecture; black indicates concentrations for which we did not test retinal lamination. At high concentrations, all chemicals are toxic, and cause death followed by a rapid decomposition of larvae (cells in grey). At somewhat lower concentrations, fish lack heart beat but the GFP signal persists in blood vessels (cells in orange). These animals are also considered dead. As concentrations are lowered further, the compounds do not affect the heart beat but trunk and/or retina vessels are affected (cells in yellow). The concentrations that do not produce any obvious phenotypic changes in this assay are indicated in light green.
| C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eye | Enalapril Maleate (x = 100 μM) | ||||||
| Normal (0.031X) | Normal (0.062X) | Normal (0.12X) | Normal (0.25X) | Thick vessels (0.5X) | Thick vessels (X) | Fish decomposed (2X) | |
| Trunk | Normal (0.031X) | Normal (0.062X) | Normal (0.12X) | Normal (0.25X) | Normal (0.5X) | Normal (X) | Fish decomposed (2X) |
| Eye | Pyrogallin (x = 60 μM) | ||||||
| Normal (0.125X) | Fewer Vessels (0.25X) | Fewer Vessels (0.5X) | Fewer Vessels (X) | Fewer Vessels (2X) | Fish decomposed (4X) | Fish decomposed (8X) | |
| Trunk | Normal (0.125X) | Normal (0.25X) | Normal (0.5X) | Normal (X) | Partial vessel loss (2X) | Fish decomposed (4X) | Fish decomposed (8X) |
| Eye | Albendazole (x = 9 μM) | ||||||
| Fewer Vessels (0.25X) | Fewer Vessels (0.5X) | Fewer Vessels (X) | Fewer Vessels (5X) | Fewer Vessels (10X) | Fish decomposed (20X) | Fish decomposed (40X) | |
| Trunk | Normal (0.25X) | Normal (0.5X) | Normal (X) | Partial vessel loss (5X) | Partial vessel loss (10X) | Fish decomposed (20X) | Fish decomposed (40X) |
| Eye | Mebendazole (x = 4 μM) | ||||||
| Fewer Vessels (0.5X) | Fewer Vessels (X) | Fewer Vessels (2X) | Fewer Vessels (10X) | Fewer Vessels, fish dead (20X) | Fish decomposed (40X) | Fish decomposed (80X) | |
| Trunk | Normal (0.5X) | Normal (X) | Partial vessel loss (2X) | Partial vessel loss (10X) | Partial vessel loss, fish dead (20X) | Fish decomposed (40X) | Fish decomposed (80X) |
| Eye | Zearalenone (x = 8 μM) | ||||||
| Normal (0.25X) | Thick vessels (0.5X) | Thick vessels (X) | Thick vessels, fish dead (5X) | Fish decomposed (10X) | Fish decomposed (20X) | Fish decomposed (40X) | |
| Trunk | Normal (0.25X) | Normal (0.5X) | Normal (X) | Normal vessels, fish dead (5X) | Fish decomposed (10X) | Fish decomposed (20X) | Fish decomposed (40X) |