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Metformin stimulates CBP phosphorylation through aPKCι/λ. (A) Metformin, AICAR, insulin and (B) AMPK overexpression stimulate CBP phosphorylation. (C) PI3K inhibitor LY294002 fails to inhibit CBP phosphorylation. CBP phosphorylation is blocked by RNAi or adenoviral shRNA-mediated knockdown aPKCι/λ in hepatocyte cells (D) or in liver (E). (F) Metformin treatment (5 h) in hepatocyte cells stimulates hepatic CBP phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner.
