Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study subjects by country
| Variable | Copenhagen, Denmark | London, UK | Milan, Italy | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of PCP episodes/patients | 555/531 | 418/376 | 215/215 | 1188/1122 |
| Period, n (%) | ||||
| 1989–92 | 264 (48%) | 156 (37%) | NA | 420 (35%) |
| 1993–96 | 179 (32%) | 172 (41%) | 54 (25%) | 405 (34%) |
| 1997–2000 | 63 (11%) | 57 (14%) | 67 (31%) | 187 (16%) |
| 2001–04 | 49 (9%) | 33 (8%) | 94 (44%) | 176 (15%) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 485 (91%) | 346 (92%) | 170 (79%) | 1001 (89%) |
| Median age, years | 39 (17–76) | 37 (21–72) | 37 (20–75) | 39 (17–76) |
| Method of diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| bronchoalveolar lavage | 354 (63%) | 385 (92%) | 196 (91%) | 935 (79%) |
| induced sputum | 181 (33%) | 20 (5%) | 15 (7%) | 216 (18%) |
| sputum/oral wash | 18 (4%) | 11 (3%) | 4 (2%) | 33 (3%) |
| autopsy | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.5%) | 4 (0.3%) | |
| CD4 T cell count | 6 (0–349) | 40 (0–400) | 30 (0–378) | 21 (0–400) |
| HIV transmission group, n (%) | ||||
| homosexual | 334 (63%) | 309 (82%) | 42 (20%) | 685 (61%) |
| heterosexual | 107 (20%) | 46 (12%) | 79 (37%) | 233 (21%) |
| IDU | 30 (6%) | 8 (2%) | 94 (44%) | 132 (13%) |
| transfusion | 9 (2%) | 9 (1%) | ||
| unknown | 50 (9%) | 13 (3%) | 63 (6%) | |
| PaO2 at admission, kPa | 8.6 (4.1–13.9) | 9.4 (3.9–13.6) | 8.4 (3.5–14.0) | 8.8 (2.9–14.0) |
| Adjunctive steroid, n (%) | 338 (61%) | 193 (46%) | 118 (55%) | 649 (55%) |
| PCP as first AIDS diagnosis, n (%) | 486 (88%) | 368 (88%) | NA | 854 (88%) |
| First-line treatment regimen, n (%) | ||||
| SXT | 507 (91%) | 263 (63%) | 192 (89%) | 962 (81%) |
| pentamidine | 40 (7%) | 44 (11%) | 3 (1%) | 87 (7%) |
| clindamycin/primaquine | 4 (1%) | 53 (13%) | 15 (7%) | 72 (6%) |
| othera | 4 (1%) | 58 (14%)b | 5 (2%) | 67 (6%) |
| Switch of first-line treatment, n (%) | ||||
| no switch | 466 (84%) | 245 (59%) | 166 (77%) | 877 (74%) |
| toxicity switch | 50 (9%) | 120 (29%) | 37 (17%) | 207 (17%) |
| failure switch, >4 days of treatment | 31 (6%) | 43 (10%) | 8 (4%) | 82 (7%) |
| failure switch, <5 days of treatment | 8 (1%) | 10 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 22 (2%) |
| Second-line treatment regimen, n (%) | ||||
| SXT | 8 (9%) | 26 (15%) | 7 (14%) | 41 (13%) |
| pentamidine | 62 (70%) | 32 (18%) | 9 (18%) | 103 (33%) |
| clindamycin/primaquine | 16 (18%) | 83 (48%) | 27 (55%) | 126 (41%) |
| othera | 3 (3%) | 32 (18%) | 6 (12%) | 41 (13%) |
| Switch to third-line regimen, n (%) | 7 (1%) | 43 (10%) | 15 (7%) | 65 (5%) |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 66 (12%) | 46 (11%) | 11 (6%) | 123 (10%) |
| MV, n (%) | 57 (10%) | 28 (7%) | 10 (5%) | 95 (8%) |
| 3 month mortality, % | 18.2% | 13.1% | 7.9% | 14.5% |
IDU, intravenous drug use; NA, not available; SXT, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
All values are medians and ranges unless otherwise stated.
aOther treatment: atovaquone; dapsone/trimethoprim; or inhaled pentamidine.
bForty-nine patients received inhaled pentamidine.