Antagonists of TNFα activity retain in vitro bioactivity following release from chitosan-GP gels (ANOVA, p < 0.01). Exposure of murine L929 fibrosarcoma cells to 0.25 ng/mL TNFα leads to a profound decrease (*, Dunn’s, α = 0.05) in cell survival (mean ± s.e.m., n = 8). Cytoprotection was observed when cells were treated with supernatant containing curcumin, anti-TNF antibody, sTNFRII released from these gels (#). This protective effect was not observed upon coincubation with BSA-containing supernatant released from BSA-loaded chitosan-GP gels.