Table 1.
Ever experienced (lifetime exposure) |
Experienced before age 18 |
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Variable | n | % of sample | Mean age at first exposure | n | % of those with lifetime exposure |
Any adversitya | 2,002 | 68.4 | 7.2 | 1,855 | 92.7 |
Major childhood event | 1,493 | 51.0 | 7.3 | 1,445 | 96.8 |
Trauma | 668 | 22.8 | 11.9 | 533 | 79.8 |
Witnessed violence | 791 | 27.0 | 11.2 | 695 | 87.9 |
Traumatic news | 325 | 11.1 | 15.8 | 232 | 71.4 |
Death of significant otheb | 599 | 20.5 | 17.0 | 364 | 60.8 |
Substance use | 2,503 | 85.5 | 15.2 | 1,921 | 76.7 |
SUD | 1,061 | 36.2 | 19.7 | 491 | 46.3 |
For adversity, occurrence subsequent to onset of substance use was counted as no occurrence;
only deaths of immediate family members—parents and siblings—were included in this category; more normative experiences with significant deaths, such as those of aging grandparents, were excluded here.