Table 2.
Outcome: | Early use |
Substance-use disorder |
||||||
Predictor | B (95% Cl) | Std β | z | p | B (95% Cl) | Std β | z | p |
Gender (male) | ||||||||
Direct | 0.62 (0.51, 0.73) | .29 | 10.82 | <.001 | 0.70 (0.55, 0.85) | .32 | 8.99 | <.001 |
Indirect (via early use) | — | — | — | — | 0.26 (0.21, 0.32) | .12 | 9.16 | <.001 |
Tribe (Northern Plains) | ||||||||
Direct | 0.55 (0.44, 0.67) | .26 | 9.45 | <.001 | 0.31 (0.16, 0.45) | .14 | 4.09 | <.001 |
Indirect (via early use) | — | — | — | — | 0.23 (0.18, 0.29) | .11 | 8.21 | <.001 |
G × T (Northern Plains male) | ||||||||
Direct | −0.31 (−0.48, −0.15) | −.13 | −3.73 | <.001 | −0.42 (−0.62, −0.22) | −.17 | −4.07 | <.001 |
Indirect (via early use) | — | — | — | — | −0.13 (−0.20, −0.06) | −.05 | −3.63 | <.001 |
Early adversitya | ||||||||
Direct | 0.10 (0.08, 0.12) | .16 | 8.06 | <.001 | 0.12 (0.09, 0.15) | .19 | 7.77 | <.001 |
Indirect (via early use) | — | — | — | — | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | .06 | 7.26 | <.001 |
Early useb | — | — | — | — | 0.42 (0.37, 0.47) | .40 | 16.83 | <.001 |
R2 | .11 | .32 |
Notes: B = unstandardized estimate; 95% CI = lower and upper bounds of 95% confidence interval; Std β = standardized estimate; z = estimate/standard error; p = probability that true value is 0; G × T = Gender × Tribe.
Scored to reflect the age at first adversity exposure: 0 = not before age 18 or subsequent to onset of substance use, 1 = 14–17 years of age, 2 = 10–13 years of age, 3 = 6–9 years of age, and 4 = before age 6;
0 if no substance use was reported before age 18, 1 if substance use was initiated after age 13 and before age 18, and 2 if it was initiated by age 13.