Table 2.

The generalized linear model and the model-based estimated 4-year cumulative albuminuria incidence (AI, %) and 95% confidence interval (CI)

				Diabetes duration (years)*
			<5		5 to 10		>10
Sex	Center†	AI	95% CI	AI	95% CI	AI	95% CI
Men	AZ	27.7	22.0–34.2	43.3	34.7–52.5	43.4	35.4–51.7
	OK	18.1	13.9–23.1	30.1	23.0–38.3	36.3	28.8–44.6
	ND/SD	22.4	17.3–28.6	35.9	27.7–45.0	39.7	31.0–49.0
Women	AZ	25.1	20.3–30.7	32.4	25.9–39.7	42.2	35.6–49.0
	OK	17.9	14.1–22.5	29.2	22.9–36.5	31.4	25.2–38.5
	ND/SD	25.0	20.1–30.7	31.7	24.9–39.4	36.2	28.9–44.2

AZ, Arizona; OK, Oklahoma; ND/SD, North/South Dakota.

Model used to estimate the above albuminuria incidence: Probability (an individual will develop albuminuria in 4-years)=exp(B)/[1+exp(B)], where B=2.6325+ 0.4776* log(UACR)+0.171*I(male)−0.1898*I(OK)+0.0343*I(ND/SD) +0.312*I(diabetes duration between 5 to 10 years)+0.5957*I(diabetes duration >10 years), and I(.) is the index function. The baseline UACR (urinary albumin to creatinine ratio) was set at its mean value when calculating the probabilities for each sex by center and by diabetes duration category. For the log(UACR) effect: odds ratio (OR)=1.61, P<0.001; sex effect: male vs female, OR=1.19, P=0.2; center effect: OK vs AZ, OR=0.83, P=0.2; ND/SD vs AZ, OR=1.03, P=0.5; ND/SD vs OK, P=0.8; diabetes duration effect: (5 to 10 years) vs (<5 years), OR=1.37, P=0.05; (>10 years) vs (<5 years), OR=1.81, P<0.001; (>10 years) vs (5 to 10 years), P=0.1.

^*Type 3 test P<0.01

^†Type 3 test P=0.3