Table 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristics
| EDPR gradient ≤ 5.0 mm Hg n = 382 | EDPR gradient > 5.0 mm Hg n = 99 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 64.8 ± 11.5 | 66.5 ± 11.3 | .18 |
| Male sex | 77% | 78% | .84 |
| Race: | |||
| White | 59% | 50% | .12 |
| Black | 16% | 25% | .03 |
| Asian | 15% | 14% | .75 |
| Other | 10% | 11% | .80 |
| History of: (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 66% | 75% | .09 |
| Myocardial infarction | 49% | 54% | .43 |
| Stroke | 13% | 17% | .39 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 16% | 17% | .65 |
| Diabetes | 19% | 34% | .001 |
| Revascularization | 58% | 54% | .42 |
| Angina ≥ once a week* | 21% | 20% | .82 |
| NYHA symptoms class II, III, or IV | 56% | 73% | .002 |
| Minimal or no physical activity† | 34% | 46% | .03 |
| Current smoking | 21% | 20% | .82 |
| Regular alcohol consumption | 29% | 26% | .55 |
| Measurements: | |||
| Body mass index | 27.6 ± 5.0 | 27.8 ± 5.0 | .78 |
| Body surface area | 1.93 ± 0.22 | 1.93 ± 0.20 | .99 |
| Metabolic equivalents on treadmill | 8.3 ± 3.7 | 6.1 ± 2.9 | <.001 |
| Serum brain natriuretic peptide | 53.7 ± 92.8 | 132.7 ± 162.1 | .002 |
EDPR, End-diastolic pulmonary regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
*
Presence of angina is defined by individual self-assessment of angina occurring at least once a week.
†
Physical activity was determined using a multiple-choice question, “Which of the following statements best describes how physically active you have been during the last month, that is, done activities such as 15–20 minutes of brisk walking, swimming, general conditioning, or recreational sports?” Participants who answered “not at all” or “a little active” (vs “fairly,” “quite,” “very,” or “extremely”) were considered as performing minimal or no physical activity.