TABLE 2.
Heart Rate Variability in 873 Participants, Stratified by the Presence of Anemia (hemoglobin ≤12 g/dl)
| Age-Adjusted Mean (95% CI) | Adjusted Mean (95% CI)† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable* | Anemia (n = 90) |
No Anemia (n = 784) |
p Value | Anemia (n = 90) |
No Anemia (n = 784) |
p Value |
| SDNN (ms) | 112 (104–120) | 123 (120–125) | 0.02 | 105 (97–113) | 111 (107–115) | 0.10 |
| SDANN (ms) | 100 (92–107) | 110 (107–112) | 0.01 | 93 (86–101) | 100 (96–104) | 0.06 |
| LnVLF (ms2) | 6.0 (5.8–6.2) | 6.4 (6.3–6.4) | 0.002 | 5.7 (5.5–5.9) | 6.0 (5.9–6.1) | 0.009 |
| LnLF (ms2) | 5.0 (4.8–5.2) | 5.3 (5.2–5.4) | 0.004 | 5.1 (4.9–5.3) | 5.2 (5.1–5.3) | 0.22 |
| LnHF (ms2) | 4.4 (4.2–4.6) | 4.4 (4.3–4.4) | 0.73 | 4.4 (4.2–4.7) | 4.4 (4.3–4.6) | 0.82 |
| LnWBF (ms2) | 6.5 (6.3–6.7) | 6.9 (6.8–6.9) | 0.005 | 6.3 (6.1–6.6) | 6.6 (6.4–6.8) | 0.02 |
Values for VLF and WBF were available for only 478 participants.
All variables listed in Table 1 were entered into the multivariable models. Other variables associated with SDNN (at p <0.05) were smoking, diabetes, angina, CABG, asthma/COPD, β-blocker use, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use, diuretic use, and heart rate at rest. Other variables associated with SDANN were smoking, diabetes, angina, CABG, asthma/COPD, β-blocker use, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use, diuretic use, and heart rate at rest. Other variables associated with VLF were gender, current smoking, history of stroke, history of diabetes, heart rate at rest, and systolic blood pressure. Other variables associated with LF were current smoking, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, CABG, and heart rate at rest. Other variables associated with HF were age, history of diabetes, angina, previous CABG, heart rate at rest, and diastolic dominant pulmonary vein flow. Other variables associated with WBF were gender, current smoking, history of diabetes, history of stroke, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use, previous CABG, heart rate at rest, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic dominant pulmonary vein flow.
CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LnHF = natural-log high frequency power (0.15 to 0.40 Hz); LnLF = natural-log low frequency power (0.04 to 0.15 Hz); LnVLF = natural-log very low frequency power (0.0033 to 0.04 Hz); LnWBF = natural-log wideband frequency power (0.0033 to 1.7070 Hz); SDANN = SD of 5-minute mean NN intervals; SDNN = SD of NN intervals.