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. 2009 May 28;18(8):1745–1765. doi: 10.1002/pro.175

Table I.

Proteins with Likely Redox-Active Metal Sites

Group Proteins Metal site Sitea ox re M Ref.
Sulfur metabolism Hs/RnBHMT 217,299,300 ZnS3 1lt7 1lt8 Y 42
TmMetH 207,272,273? ZnS3 1q7m 1q8j Y 43
TmMetE H618,620,704 ZnS2N 1t7l 1xdj Y
Cell and protein fate HsNedd8 199,202,343,346 ZnS4 1r4nB 1tt5 Y
Hssurvivin 57,60,H77,84 ZnS3N 1f3h 1e31 N
HsBirc8 300,303,H320,327 ZnS3N 1xb1 1xb0 Y
Nucleotide metabolism BsG-Deaminase H53,83,86 ZnS2N 1tiy 1wkq N
EcATCase 109,114,138,141 ZnS4 1tugB 1tugD P
EcGTPhI 110,H113,181 ZnS2N 1gtp 1fbx Y 44,45
Acthymidine kinase 145,148,183,186 ZnS4 1xx6B 1xx6A N
NAD+-dependent oxidoreductases TmSir2 124,127,148,151 ZnS4 2h59 1yc5 N
HsSIRT2 195,200,221,224 ZnS4 1j8fC 1j8fA N
MmADH4 97,100,103,111 ZnS4 1e3l 1e3e N
EqADH 97,100,103,111 ZnS4 1axg 3bto N
Transcriptional regulators HsSMAD 64,109,121, H169 ZnS3N 1mhd 1ozj Y
BsAnti-TRAP 12,15,26,29 ZnS4 2bx9L 2bx9A N
SARSnsp10 117,129,128 ZnS3? 2g9t 2fyg N
SARSnsp10 74,77,H83,90 ZnS3N 2ga6 2fyg N
HsEstrogen receptor 7,10,24,27 ZnS4 1hcqB 1hcqA N 46
DNA repair DrRecR 57,60,69,72 ZnS4 1vddC 1vddA N
Metallo-chaperones ScAtxI T14,15,18 CuS2O 1cc7 1cc8 Y 47
MjHypB 95,127,95,b127b ZnS4 2hf9 2hf8 Y
Other viral proteins HepCNs3Ib 97,99,145 ZnS3? 1w3c 1dxp Y
norovirus3c-like protease 77,83,154 ZnS3? 1wqsB 1wqsA N 48
Oxidoreductases EcRibD H49,74,83 ZnS2N 2d5n 2b3z N
MtCODH 595,597,B596,B597 Binuclear Ni/ ZnS2N2,ZnS3 1mjg 1oao N
PtNHase 108,111,B112,113 CoS3N/S2N2 1ugq 1ugp Y 49
RrpNHase 110,113,B114,115 FeS3N 1ahj 2cyz N
DvNiFe hydrogenase 81,84,546,549 NiFeS4 1ubk 1h2r N
DsNiFe hydrogenase 65,68,530,533 NiFeS4 2frv 1frv N
PafdhE 225,228,256,259 FeS4 2fiyB 2fiyA N
HsNOS-3 110,115,110,115 ZnS4 2nsi 1nsi Y 50
aa-tRNA synthetases TtVal-tRNAs 417,420,438,441 ZnS4 1gax 1ivs N 51,52
TtLeu-tRNAs 439,442,484,487 ZnS4 1obh 1h3n Y
TtIle-tRNAs 181,184,389,392 ZnS4 1ile 1jzq N
TtIle-tRNAs 461,464,502,504 ZnS4 1ile 1jzq N
RNA/DNA polymerases ScRNApolIIB1 67,70,77,H80 ZnS3N 1r9t 1i6h N 53–55
ScRNA polIIB1 107,110,148,167 ZnS4 1r9t 1i6h N 53–55
ScRNA polIIB2 1163,1166,1182,1185 ZnS4 1twh 1i3q N 53–55
ScRNApolIIB3 86,88,92,95 ZnS4 1twh 1i3q N 53–55
ScRNApolIIB9 7,10,29,32 ZnS4 1i6h 1y1v N 53–55
ScRNApolIIB9 75,78,103,106 ZnS4 1i6h 1i3q N 53–55
ScRNApolIIABC4 31,34,48,51 ZnS4 1twh 1i3q N 53–55
ScRNApolIIABC5 7,10,45,46 ZnS4 1r9t 1i3q N 53–55
TtRNApolβ 1112,1194,1201,1204 ZnS4 1zyr 1smy N 53–55
Ribosomal proteins Tt30SRibosomeS4 9,12,26,31 ZnS4 2j02 1hr0 N
Tt30SRibosomeS14 24,27,40,43 ZnS4 1n33 1fjg N
EcrrmA 5,8,21,H25 ZnS3N 1p91B 1p91A N
Replication, DNA synthesis B4Ribonucleotide reductase III 543,546,561,564 ZnS4 1h7a 1hk8 N
EcDNA pol III τ 64,73,76,79 ZnS4 1xxh 1njf N
SV40LT-antigen 302,305,H313,H317 ZnS2N2 1svo 1svm N
Fe-S containing Rcxanthine dehydrogenase 103,106,134,136 [2Fe-2S]S4 1jrp 1jro N
Ggsuccinate dehydrogenase L 65,70,73,85 [Fe-S]S4 2h89 1yq3 N
Ssmitochondrial respiratory complex II, lp subunit 158,161,164,225 [4Fe-4S]S4 1zp0 1zoy N
Other Hsmnk2 299,303,311,314 ZnS4 2hw7 2ac3 N

Ligands in metal sites are Cys unless indicated by a one-letter-code amino acid prefix, B indicates ligation by the backbone of the indicated residue.

ox, oxidized structure; re, reduced structure; M, metal expelled; Y, metal absent from oxidized structure; N, metal present in oxidized structure; P, metal present in oxidized structure with partial occupancy; ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; Anti-TRAP, tryptophan RNA-binding attenuator protein-inhibitory protein; ATCase, aspartate transcarbamylase; AtxI, metal homeostasis factor ATX1; BHMT, betaine-homocysteine s-methyltransferase; Birc8, baculoviral iap repeat-containing protein 8; CODH, bifunctional carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-coA synthase; fdhE-formate dehydrogenase; G-Deaminase, guanine deaminase; GTPhI, GTP hydrolase I; Ile-tRNAs, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase; HypB, hydrogenase nickel incorporation protein; Leu-tRNAs, Leucyl-tRNA synthetase; LT-antigen, large T-antigen; MetE-B12, independent methionine synthase; MetH-B12, dependent methionine synthase; mnk2, map kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Nedd8, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd8; NHase, nitrile hydratase; NOS-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase; Ns3, Ns3 Protease; RecR, recombinational repair protein; RibD, riboflavin biosynthesis protein ribD; RNA pol II–RNA polymerase II subunit; rrmA, ribosomal RNA large subunit methyltransferase A; Sir2, sirtuin homolog; SIRT2, sirtuin homolog 2; SMAD, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Val-tRNAs, valyl-tRNA synthetase; B4, Bacteriophage t4; Bs, Bacillus subtilis; Ds, Desulfovibrio s; Dv, Desulfovibrio vulgaris; Ec, Escherichia coli; Gg, Gallus gallus; HepC, Hepatitis C; Hs, Homo sapiens; Mt, Moorella thermoacetica; Pa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pt, Pseudonocardia thermophila; Rc, Rhodobacter capsulatus; Rrp, Rhodococcus sp R312 plastid; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; Sc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Ss, Sus scrofa; SV40, Simian Virus 40; Tt, Thermus thermophilus.

a

Zn sites in italics are catalytic.

b

Cys residue is in another chain (interchain disulfide).