Figure 2.

TGF-β serum levels after surgery. Within 24 h of stem-cell transplant, there is a dramatic drop (Day 1B) in the circulating levels of TGF-β in the high-dose mesenchymal stem cell group (*P < 0.05 vs. placebo, ^†P < 0.05 Day 1A vs. Day 1B), which recovers by Day 3. The low-dose mesenchymal stem cell animals follow the same pattern, but to a smaller extent. Ninety days after surgery the serum levels of TGF-β are not significantly different. (^§P < 0.001 high-dose mesenchymal stem cell group repeated measures ANOVA).