Table 4.

Direct and indirect correlations between joint load arm lengths and limb length distal to the joint, as implied by the path models in Figs 5 and 6

	Shoulder	Elbow	Hip	Knee
Ground strides
Sample size	202	202	98	98
Direct correlation	0.179	0.479	0.186	0.130
Indirect correlation	–0.058	0.061	0.195	–0.157
Via joint angle	0.097	–	–0.054	–
Via limb angle	–0.155	0.061	0.249	–0.157
Total correlation	0.121	0.540	0.381	–0.027
Pole strides
Sample size	313	313	216	216
Direct correlation	0.241	0.260	0.122	0.055
Indirect correlation	–0.078	0.280	–0.033	0.174
Via joint angle	–0.078	0.280	–	0.174
Via limb angle	–	–	–0.033	–
Total correlation	0.163	0.540	0.089	0.229