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. 2009 Nov 15;20(22):4838–4844. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E09-03-0203

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© 2009 by The American Society for Cell Biology

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Figure 4. — In vitro branching morphogenesis of PDCs when cultured in 3D. PDCs form hollow spheroid cysts of polarized cells when cultured in 3D matrices and undergo branching morphogenesis when cultured in collagen gels. (A) Central plane of cyst grown for 3 days in Matrigel depicting hollow lumen. (B) Top surface of same cyst. (C) The same cells form cysts when grown in collagen gels, and after 3–4 d in culture commence branching morphogenesis. Actin (green) and DNA (blue). Branching morphogenesis within collagen gels proceeds through all stages from early extensions (D) or spikes to cords of polarized cells (E) beginning to form a hollow lumen to mature tubules (F). Original magnification, ×20.