Pdx1 expression in PDC cysts at initial points of branching morphogenesis. (A) Pdx1, not typically expressed in adult PDCs, is expressed exclusively in cells commencing tubulogenesis. (B and C) Pdx1 is expressed in initial extension and early cord. Note in B that Pdx1 expression in nucleus of cell adjacent to branching PDC. (D) A hollow tubule forms between two spheroid cysts. (E) Enlargement of inset in D. Pdx1 is expressed only at sites of branch initiation and not in epithelial cell wall of mature tubules. (D and E) Arrowheads, Pdx1-negative PDCs lining the hollow tubule. Single arrows, Pdx1-positive cells at sites of primary branching (D); double arrows, Pdx-1 positive cells at sites of secondary branching (E). Pdx1 (green), actin (red), and DAPI (blue). Arrowheads, Pdx1 cytoplasmic staining. Scale bar, 10 μm.