Table 1.

Baseline characteristics by sex and ankle–brachial index groups

	Men					Women
	ABI > 0.9 (n = 456)		ABI ≤ 0.90 (n = 70)		P value	ABI > 0.9 (n = 680)		ABI ≤ 0.90 (n = 124)		P value
	Mean (SD)	Percentage (%)	Mean (SD)	Percentage (%)		Mean (SD)	Percentage (%)	Mean (SD)	Percentage (%)
Age (years)	73.2 (8.7)		76.9 (9.0)		0.001	73.2 (9.0)		77.1 (11.3)		<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	26.2 (3.6)		25.4 (3.4)		0.10	24.7 (4.0)		24.1 (4.2)		0.16
SBP (mmHg)	136.7 (20.4)		142.4 (20.7)		0.03	138.6 (21.8)		145.7 (24.6)		0.001
Lipids
Triglycerides	128.3 (86.7)		141.5 (136.8)		0.28	127.8 (70.7)		136.7 (77.0)		0.21
Total cholesterol	196.8 (34.6)		200.2 (39.4)		0.46	215.5 (35.7)		217.1 (40.4)		0.66
LDL	124.4 (29.6)		121.4 (34.0)		0.45	126.5 (33.1)		131.1 (40.0)		0.17
HDL	48.9 (13.8)		49.7 (13.5)		0.67	65.3 (17.1)		60.4 (15.9)		0.003
TC/HDL	4.28 (1.2)		4.27 (1.4)		0.98	3.5 (1.1)		3.8 (1.3)		0.003
Renal function
CrCla	59.08 (57.6)		53.74 (49.88)		0.011	57.34 (56.1)		52.43 (49.6)		0.002
Lifestyle
Exercise ≥3/week		79.3		67.1	0.02		72.2		59.7	0.005
Current smoker		4.6		14.3	0.001		7.2		11.3	0.12
Alcohol use ≥3/week		55.4		50.0	0.40		41.7		30.6	0.02
Medications
Estrogen		–		–	–		42.9		30.6	0.01
Calcium supp		21.5		8.6	0.01		51.5		36.3	0.002
Vitamin D supp		8.8		4.3	0.20		20.0		15.3	0.23
Thiazides		8.4		10.1	0.62		7.8		6.5	0.62
Lipid lowering		11.7		14.5	0.51		12.6		14.8	0.52
Beta blockers		10.1		13.4	0.40		11.2		13.8	0.42
Calcium channel blocker		16.8		19.4	0.81		12.6		14.7	0.54
Medical history
Hypertension		70.5		74.3	0.52		70.9		79.0	0.06
Diabetes		9.2		15.7	0.09		5.6		9.7	0.08
Chronic Kidney Diseaseb		41.7		56.7	0.021		64.5		75.4	0.021

^aCreatinine clearance by the Cockcroft-Gault equation

^bDefined as CrCl < 60 ml/min/1.73 m²