TABLE 3.

Interaction between APOA5 gene variants and total fat intake, and markers of MetS in participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study¹

		APOA5-1131T > C				APOA5 S19W
	Total fat	TT	TC+CC	SNP	SNP × fat interaction	CC	CG+GG	SNP	SNP × fat interaction
	% energy			P-value				P-value
Waist circumference, cm	<31	100.5 ± 0.9	101.5 ± 1.5	0.788	0.600	100.0 ± 0.8	103.7 ± 1.7	0.075	0.286
	≥31	102.8 ± 0.8	102.5 ± 1.6			102.5 ± 0.8	103.4 ± 1.6
Serum glucose, mmol/L	<31	6.42 (6.23–6.61)	6.29 (5.98–6.68)	0.168	0.468	6.35 (6.16–6.55)	6.61 (6.16–7.02)	0.315	0.639
	≥31	6.42 (6.23–6.61)	6.10 (5.75–6.48)			6.35 (6.16–6.55)	6.42 (6.04–6.81)
SBP, mm Hg	<31	135.5 ± 1.1	136.5 ± 1.9	0.720	0.293	134.7 ± 1.0	140.1 ± 2.2	0.802	0.002
	≥31	136.6 ± 1.0	134.4 ± 2.0			137.1 ± 1.0	132.5 ± 2.0
DBP, mm Hg	<31	80.0 ± 0.6	80.5 ± 1.1	0.772	0.423	79.5 ± 0.6	82.7 ± 1.2	0.496	0.007
	≥31	82.2 ± 0.6	81.3 ± 1.1			82.4 ± 0.6	80.5 ± 1.1
Plasma TG, mmol/L	<31	1.66 (1.56–1.76)	1.56 (1.41–1.74)	0.432	0.032	1.66 (1.56–1.74)	1.61 (1.43–1.82)	0.521	0.926
	≥31	1.47 (1.39–1.56)	1.68 (1.50–1.87)			1.52 (1.44–1.61)	1.47 (1.32–1.64)
Plasma HDL-C, mmol/L	<31	1.14 ± 0.02	1.15 ± 0.03	0.928	0.618	1.15 ± 0.02	1.11 ± 0.04	0.043	0.444
	≥31	1.20 ± 0.02	1.18 ± 0.03			1.21 ± 0.02	1.13 ± 0.03
Plasma HDL-C adjusted for TG, mmol/L	<31	1.15 ± 0.02	1.15 ± 0.03	0.803	0.684	1.16 ± 0.02	1.12 ± 0.03	0.012	0.379
	≥31	1.18 ± 0.02	1.19 ± 0.03			1.20 ± 0.02	1.11 ± 0.03
Plasma total cholesterol, mmol/L	<31	4.80 ± 0.06	4.58 ± 0.11	0.756	0.034	4.76 ± 0.06	4.70 ± 0.13	0.196	0.484
	≥31	4.74 ± 0.06	4.91 ± 0.04			4.82 ± 0.06	4.63 ± 0.12
Plasma LDL-C, mmol/L	<31	2.77 ± 0.05	2.64 ± 0.09	0.542	0.293	2.72 ± 0.05	2.79 ± 0.10	0.864	0.416
	≥31	2.82 ± 0.05	2.85 ± 0.09			2.84 ± 0.05	2.79 ± 0.10
Plasma VLDL-C, mmol/L	<31	0.71 (0.67–0.74)	0.70 (0.64–0.77)	0.225	0.216	0.70 (0.67–0.74)	0.71 (0.63–0.79)	0.758	0.618
	≥31	0.65 (0.62–0.68)	0.72 (0.65–0.79)			0.67 (0.63–0.70)	0.65 (0.58–0.72)

¹Values are the estimated mean ± SE, or geometric mean (95% CI) for anti-log transformed measures for fasting glucose, TG, and VLDL-C, n = 802. P-values shown for APOA5 polymorphism as main predictor and in interaction term with category of total fat as % from energy (below or above population median intake), after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, medication use (lipid-lowering, diabetes, and hypertension), population admixture, BMI (or physical activity for waist circumference outcome), and total energy intake.