TABLE 4.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the SEASONS (continuous variables)1
| Characteristic | Males, n = 264 | Females, n = 230 | P-value2 | P-value3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory index score | −1.0 ± 0.29 | −0.33 ± 0.20 | 0.06 | – |
| Age, y | 49.3 ± 0.76 | 48.4 ± 0.77 | 0.43 | – |
| Serum hs-CRP, mg/L | 2.4 ± 0.34 | 2.2 ± 0.48 | 0.74 | – |
| MET/d | 32.1 ± 0.47 | 29.1 ± 0.26 | <0.0001 | – |
| Total energy intake, kJ/d | 12070 ± 468.0 | 9008 ± 412.6 | <0.0001 | – |
| Total fat, g/d | 103.6 ± 4.30 | 75.8 ± 4.02 | <0.0001 | 0.49 |
| Saturated fat, g/d | 37.1 ± 1.61 | 26.8 ± 1.56 | <0.0001 | 0.40 |
| Protein, g/d | 113.5 ± 4.54 | 82.4 ± 3.56 | <0.0001 | 0.04 |
| Carbohydrates, g/d | 357.2 ± 15.14 | 284.4 ± 13.45 | 0.0004 | 0.004* |
| Fiber, g/d | 24.2 ± 1.39 | 19.6 ± 1.10 | 0.01 | 0.02* |
| Cholesterol, mg/d | 373.1 ± 16.87 | 251.3 ± 15.30 | <0.0001 | 0.01 |
| Vitamin A, μg/d | 1954.6 ± 216.1 | 1964.2 ± 105.8 | 0.11 | 0.35 |
| Folic acid, μg/d | 453.3 ± 26.40 | 400.0 ± 21.49 | 0.12 | 0.03* |
| Vitamin C, mg/d | 262.5 ± 29.21 | 203.6 ± 20.20 | 0.10 | 0.70 |
| Vitamin D, μg/d | 8.3 ± 0.64 | 7.4 ± 0.46 | 0.28 | 0.12 |
| Vitamin E, mg/d | 65.5 ± 7.72 | 49.0 ± 5.20 | 0.08 | 0.46 |
| β-Carotene, μg/d | 5538.8 ± 486.8 | 4932.5 ± 464.9 | 0.37 | 0.06 |
| Magnesium, mg/d | 427.4 ± 20.28 | 339.4 ± 15.26 | 0.0006 | 0.06 |
| Zinc, mg/d |
18.8 ± 1.02 |
14.5 ± 0.72 |
0.0006 |
0.49 |
1
Values are means ± SEM.
2
P-value represents the difference between genders using 2-sample t tests.
3
P-value representing the difference between genders after adjusting for energy intake. *Female energy adjusted intake is higher compared with males.