LFA-1 on human Tregs is essential for cell-contact mediated suppression. A, Proliferation of mouse CD4+CD25− T cells alone (black bar), or with a 1:1 ratio of fresh hTregs (hCD25hi, gray bar) or B, pre-activated hTregs (act.hCD25hi) in the presence of isotype control or anti-hCD11a (efalizumab), -hCD18 (TS1/18), or -hICAM-1/2/3 blocking mAbs. C, Proliferation of mouse CD4+CD25− T cells alone (black bar), or with a 1:1 ratio of fresh hTregs (hCD25hi, gray bar) in the presence of isotype control or different clones of anti-hCD11a or -hCD18 mAbs. For the above assays, the mouse responders were stimulated with mouse APCs and soluble anti-mCD3 while the fresh hTregs were optimally activated in the cocultures with plate-bound anti-hCD3/CD28. The pre-activated hTregs were not restimulated. D, Suppression of human CD4+CD25− T cells with FACS-sorted hTregs (hCD25hi), mTregs (mCD25+), or pre-activated mTregs (act.mCD25+). In this assay, the human responders and Tregs were stimulated with human APCs and soluble anti-hCD3, while the fresh mTregs were optimally activated in the cocultures with plate-bound anti-mCD3/CD28. The pre-activated mTregs were not restimulated. Data are representative of three independent experiments. Asterisk (*) represents p < 0.05 for the difference between the black and gray bars in each group.