Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Oct 14;57(19):8820–8830. doi: 10.1021/jf901202y

Table 1.

Inhibition of LPS induced PGE2 production and cytotoxicity analysis after treatments with E. purpurea and E. tennesseensis fractionsa

Anti-inflammatory (PGE2) Cytotoxicity
Species Fraction Accession Concentration (μg/ml) % of Control ± SE p-value Concentration (μg/ml) % Control ± SE p-value
E. purpurea Fraction 1 PI631307 274 122. ± 22 0.62 274 101 ± 2 0.81
E. purpurea Fraction 2 PI631307 89 134 ± 10 0.38 89 98 ± 3 0.49
E. purpurea Fraction 3 PI631307 75 65 ± 21 0.08 75 105 ± 2 0.23
E. purpurea Fraction 4 PI631307 41 112 ± 11 0.75 41 98 ± 4 0.56
E. purpurea Fraction 5 PI631307 95 118 ± 21 0.68 95 96 ± 2 0.33
E. purpurea Fraction 6 PI631307 96 123 ± 15 0.56 96 101 ± 4 0.87
E. purpurea Fraction 7 PI631307 23 137 ± 39 0.53 23 94 ± 1 0.14
E. purpurea Ethanol Extract PI631307 25 48 ± 13 0.02 25 105 ± 4 1.0
E. tennesseensis Fraction 1 PI631250 271 87 ± 9 0.48 577 94 ± 3 0.11
E. tennesseensis Fraction 2 PI631250 0.3 109 ± 11 0.72 0.3 96 ± 5 0.30
E. tennesseensis Fraction 2 PI631250 0.14 104 ± 13 0.91
E. tennesseensis Fraction 3 PI631250 41 6 ± 2 <0.0001 41 96 ± 3 0.77
E. tennesseensis Fraction 3 PI631250 20 24 ± 10 <0.0001
E. tennesseensis Fraction 3 PI631250 5 90 ± 21 0.48
E. tennesseensis Fraction 4 PI631250 8 119 ± 4 0.43 17 97 ± 3 0.38
E. tennesseensis Fraction 5 PI631250 11 128 ± 14 0.28 23 89 ± 3 0.01
E. tennesseensis Ethanol Extract PI631250 25 89 ± 9 0.56 59 89 ± 1 0.01
a

HPLC was used to fractionate a 2005 extract of E. purpurea (PI631370) and a 2005 extract of E. tennesseensis (PI631250), yielding no significant inhibition of PGE2 production at concentrations lower than 20 μg/ml. All treatments were compared to media + DMSO control that was set at 100% for both PGE2 analysis and cytotoxicity. For E. purpurea and E. tennesseensis, 100% of control for PGE2 was 1.7 ng/ml and 2.8 ng/ml, respectively. Baicalein (6 μM) was the positive control for the PGE2 assay and ursolic acid (10 μM, 30 μM, 50 μM) was the positive control for the MTS cytotoxicity assay. Each fraction or extract represents three replicates ± standard error for both the PGE2 and cytotoxicity analyses. Cytotoxicity was not performed on dilutions of fractions when the higher concentrations were not cytotoxic.