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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2009 Jun 10;110(4):1310–1320. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06219.x

Fig.7.

Fig.7

Diagram of the proposed mechanisms mediating serum deprivation induced apoptosis, and the protective effect of VP in the hypothalamic cell line H32. The proapoptotic patways are depicted on the left light blue panel and red arrows and the antiapoptotic pathways initiated by VP in the right green panel. Serum deprivation activates PKCδ leading to caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. Activation of PLC coupled V1 VP receptors by VP results in IP3 and DAG formation and consequent activation of PKCα and β, as well as transactivation of EGF receptor/MEK/ERK/RSK cascade. RSK and PKC α and β mediate phosphorylation of BAD causing its inactivation and preventing cytochrome c release and apoptotic cell death. In addition, activation of Akt by VP contributes to the protective effect of VP probably by modulating the apoptotic process at the post-mitochondrial level inhibiting caspase 9 and 3 activation.