Table 1.
Association of maternal and infant factors with mother-to-infant transmission of HCV.
| HCV transmission a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | Yes (N=16) | No (N=47) | OR (95% CI) | P |
| Log10 maternal HCV nAb titer b | ||||
| Median | 2.10 | 2.00 | 1.8 (0.69-4.67) | 0.23 |
| Maternal HCV RNA/105 at delivery c | ||||
| Median | 19.05 | 9.60 | 1.05 (1.01-1.10) | 0.03 |
| CD4+ lymphocyte count, cells/mm3 | ||||
| Median | 427.50 | 520.00 | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) | 0.52 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 5 (31.25) | 13 (27.65) | Referent | |
| Black | 4 (25.00) | 15 (31.91) | 0.57 (0.10-3.11) | 0.52 |
| Other | 7 (43.75) | 19 (40.42) | 0.90 (0.21-3.81) | 0.89 |
| Income | ||||
| < $10,000/year | 11 (68.75) | 35 (77.77) | 1.34 (0.35-5.11) | 0.67 |
| ≥ $10,000/year | 5 (31.25) | 10 (22.22) | ||
| Cigarette (tobacco) use | ||||
| Yes | 11 (68.75) | 33 (70.21) | 1.12 (0.26-4.71) | 0.88 |
| No | 5 (31.25) | 14 (29.78) | ||
| Alcohol use | ||||
| Yes | 8 (50.00) | 28 (59.57) | 0.67 (0.20-2.27) | 0.52 |
| No | 8 (50.00) | 19 (40.42) | ||
| Hard drug use d | ||||
| Yes | 10 (62.50) | 32 (68.08) | 0.77 (0.21-2.83) | 0.69 |
| No | 6 (37.50) | 15(31.91) | ||
| Antiretroviral regimen | ||||
| None | 8 (50.00) | 25 (53.19) | Referent | |
| Single-drug therapy e | 5 (31.25) | 14 (29.78) | 1.06 (0.24, 4.60) | 0.94 |
| Combination therapy f | 0 (0.00) | 3 (6.38) | 0.00 g | 0.26 g |
| HAART h | 3 (18.75) | 5 (10.63) | 2.14 (0.28, 16.50) | 0.46 |
| STD history | ||||
| Yes | 7 (43.75) | 29 (61.70) | 0.53 (0.17-1.69) | 0.29 |
| No | 9 (56.25) | 18 (39.29) | ||
| Chorioamnionitis | ||||
| Yes | 1 (6.66) | 1 (2.22) | 2.45 (0.15-39.71) | 0.53 |
| No | 14 (93.33) | 44 (97.77) | ||
| Gestational age | ||||
| ≥ 37 weeks | 12 (75.00) | 29 (61.70) | 0.46 (0.10-2.02) | 0.30 |
| < 37 weeks | 4 (25.00) | 18 (38.30) | ||
| Use of fetal electrodes | ||||
| Yes | 1 (6.66) | 1 (2.22) | 2.45 (0.15-39.71) | 0.53 |
| No | 14 (93.33) | 44 (97.77) | ||
| Infant HIV infection status | ||||
| Infected | 5 (31.25) | 8 (17.02) | 2.59 (0.58-11.47) | 0.21 |
| Uninfected | 10 (62.50) | 39 (82.97) | ||
NOTE. Maternal factors were ascertained at final antenatal visit and refer to characteristics or behaviors during course of pregnancy. HCV= hepatitis C virus, OR= odds ratio, CI= confidence interval, nAb= neutralizing antibody, HAART= highly active antiretroviral therapy, STD= sexually transmitted disease, HIV= human immunodeficiency virus.
Data are no. (%) of subjects, unless otherwise indicated. Since information was missing for certain women, sum of measurements does not equal the total for all factors.
Statistics calculated for every log10 increase.
Statistics calculated for every 105 increase.
Cocaine, heroin or other opiates, methadone, other injecting drug use.
Single-drug therapy was defined as treatment with a single drug.
Combination therapy was defined as either two drugs, one of which could be a protease inhibitor or a nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or as ≥ two drugs that did not include a protease inhibitor or NNRTI, or as the combination of zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir.
None of the transmitting mothers received combo antiretrovirals, so P-value calculated from standard likelihood estimation routines.
HAART was defined as a treatment regimen including ≥ three drugs, one of which was a protease inhibitor or NNRTI.