Table 2.
Parameters related to the metabolic syndrome before and after the experimental period
| CONTROL |
MODERATE |
INTERVAL |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post | Baseline | Post | Baseline | Post | |
| BLOOD VARIABLES | ||||||
| Insulin, pmol/Ml | 115.1±23.4 | 111.4±20.2 | 104.2±27.4 | 105.5±24.1 | 111.2±34.6 | 113.2±7.0 |
| Fasting Glucose, mmol · L−1 | 6.1±0.2 | 6.8±0.3* | 6.1±0.5 | 6.5±0.6 | 6.9±0.6 | 6.6±0.6$ |
| Insulin sensitivity, (HOMA, %) | 60.0±7.9 | 59.3±8.2 | 64.4±5.7 | 50.2±4.9 | 62.2±8.0 | 77.2±4.9*§ |
| β-cell function (HOMA, %) | 80.9±10.3 | 76.7±8.2 | 78.9±11.0 | 80.9±8.7 | 76.8±12.6 | 97.0±9.2*§ |
| Microalbuminuria, Alb.excr, μg/min | 42.2±32.3 | 42.8±32.2 | 21.4±10.0 | 13.5±5.8 | 23.0±11.3 | 7.7±1.3 |
| High density lipoprotein, mmol · L−1 | 0.62±0.05 | 0.58±0.08 | 0.74±0.09 | 0.80±0.08 | 0.69±0.07 | 0.84±0.10* |
| Triglycerides, mmol · L−1 | 1.84±0.40 | 2.00±0.54 | 1.47±0.45 | 1.67±0.38 | 1.65±0.20 | 1.70±0.19 |
| Adiponectin, μg/mL | 6.4±2.0 | 7.0±1.1 | 6.7±1.5 | 8.2±1.4*# | 7.8±2.3 | 9.4±3.0*# |
| BODY COMPOSITION | ||||||
| Weight, kg | 96.4±4.0 | 96.2±4.9§ | 91.2±6.9 | 87.6±6.5* | 91.8±5.3 | 89.5±4.9* |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.1 1.1 | 32.0±1.3 | 29.4±1.7 | 28.2±1.5*# | 29.8±1.7 | 29.1±1.5* |
| Waist, cm | 114.3±2.7 | 112.0±3.4 | 105.1±5.3 | 99.1±5.0*# | 105.5±4.1 | 100.5±3.6* |
| Waist hip ratio | 0.97±0.03 | 0.96±0.03 | 0.97±0.03 | 0.93±0.03 | 0.94±0.02 | 0.94±0.02 |
| BLOOD PRESSURE | ||||||
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 146±6 | 141±5 | 131±6 | 121±5* | 144±5 | 135±5* |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 95±5 | 96±4 | 88±4 | 82±5 | 95±3 | 89±3* |
| Mean arterial blood pressure, mmHg | 111±5 | 108±5 | 102±4 | 95±5* | 111±3 | 105±3* |
| EXERCISE PARAMETERS | ||||||
| VO2max, ml/kg/min | 32.3±3.4 | 33.7±2.7 | 36.0±3.2 | 41.6±3.6*# | 33.6±2.5 | 45.3±3.3**$ |
| VO2max, ml/kg0.75/min | 101.1±10 | 105.1±8 | 110.8±10 | 126.5±7*# | 103.2±7 | 138.0±9**$ |
| Peak heart rate, beats · min−1 | 175±9 | 184±3 | 189±4 | 192±4 | 176±5 | 178±5 |
| Peak oxygen pulse, mL · beats−1 | 17.8±1.6 | 17.5±1.4 | 17.3±1.9 | 18.9±2.2 | 17.2±1.1 | 22.2±1.8*$ |
Data are presented as mean ± SEM.
*
Significantly different within each group from pre to post (p<0.05).
**
Significantly different within each group from pre to post (p<0.01).
$
Significantly different from the other groups (p<0.05).
#
Different from control (p<0.05).
VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake.