Table 1.
Percent total time of wakefulness and fragmented sleep amounts in sleep-restricted and ambulation-control rats during 72 days of repeated sleep restriction or ambulation-control conditions
| Wakefulness |
TL Sleep |
TL NREM Sleep |
PS |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep Restricted | Sleep Recovery | Sleep Restricted | Sleep Recovery | Sleep Restricted | Sleep Recovery | Sleep Restricted | Sleep Recovery | |
| Days | 10 | 2 | 10‡ | 2 | 10† | 2 | 10‡ | 2‡ |
| Cycle 1 | 56.2 (5.2) | 33.9 (4.2) | 43.8 (5.2) | 66.1 (4.2) | 40.4 (4.9) | 54.4 (3.9) | 3.4 (0.8) | 11.7 (2.9) |
| Cycle 2 | 56.5 (8.2) | 35.5 (3.6) | 43.5 (8.2) | 64.5 (3.6) | 40.1 (8.0) | 53.7 (2.9) | 3.4 (0.8) | 10.9 (1.3) |
| Cycle 3 | 58.9 (8.0) | 33.9 (7.6) | 41.1 (8.0) | 66.1 (7.6) | 37.8 (8.1) | 54.2 (5.8) | 3.3 (0.7) | 12.0 (3.0) |
| Cycle 4 | 61.8 (8.7) | 34.3 (5.0) | 38.2 (8.7) | 65.7 (5.0) | 35.5 (8.0) | 53.9 (6.8) | 2.7 (0.7) | 11.8 (4.2) |
| Cycle 5 | 63.7 (6.8) | 38.5 (9.6) | 36.4 (6.8) | 61.5 (9.6) | 33.9 (6.6) | 49.1 (9.3) | 2.4 (0.4) | 12.3 (2.3) |
| Baseline | 39.0 (6.3) | 61.0 (6.3)* | 53.7 (5.8)* | 7.3 (0.8)* | ||||
| Ambulation Control | Sleep Recovery | Ambulation Control | Sleep Recovery | Ambulation Control | Sleep Recovery | Ambulation Control | Sleep Recovery | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days | 10 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 2 |
| Cycle 1 | 48.9 (4.2) | 39.4 (4.9) | 51.1 (4.2) | 60.6 (4.9) | 46.2 (4.5) | 54.4 (5.4) | 4.9 (1.4) | 6.3 (1.3) |
| Cycle 2 | 48.5 (4.4) | 35.6 (4.9) | 51.5 (4.4) | 64.4 (4.9) | 46.8 (4.2) | 57.9 (4.9) | 4.7 (1.1) | 6.5 (1.2) |
| Cycle 3 | 49.1 (4.4) | 35.0 (5.7) | 50.9 (4.4) | 65.0 (5.7) | 46.2 (4.7) | 58.6 (6.3) | 4.7 (0.7) | 6.4 (1.7) |
| Cycle 4 | 47.2 (4.5) | 34.3 (3.8) | 52.8 (4.5) | 65.7 (3.8) | 47.7 (4.6) | 58.7 (4.5) | 5.1 (0.5) | 7.0 (0.9) |
| Cycle 5 | 47.2 (3.7) | 31.8 (1.9) | 52.8 (3.7) | 68.2 (1.9) | 47.8 (3.2) | 61.6 (2.5) | 5.0 (0.9) | 6.6 (1.3) |
| Baseline | 39.4 (4.2) | 60.6 (4.2)* | 54.9 (4.9)* | 5.8 (1.4) | ||||
Values are daily means (SD) as %total time; n = 6/group. TL, total; NREM, nonrapid eye movement; PS, paradoxical sleep or REM sleep. Significant within-group differences of
*
P < 0.001 apply to comparisons between baseline and cycles 1–5, where cycles 1–5 of sleep restriction, ambulation control, or recovery are shaded. Significance of
†
P < 0.006 and
‡
P < 0.001 are between-group differences during sleep restriction or ambulation-control treatments.