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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 16.
Published in final edited form as: Stem Cells Dev. 2006 Jun;15(3):407–421. doi: 10.1089/scd.2006.15.407

Fig 5. A combination of factors expressed at higher levels by neurogenesis-promoting astrocytes and tissues promote neuronal differentiation of NSPCs.

Fig 5

(a) The combination of IL-1β, IL-6, VCAM1, IP-10, Cathepsin S, and TGFβ2 (Combo) enhanced NeuroD1 promoter activity in NSPCs, analyzed by luciferase activity assays (p<0.01, n=14); (b) Immunofluorescent images showing TuJI+ neurons (red) differentiated from NSPCs that were treated by IL-1β, IL-6, Combo and RA in the absence of FGF-2. Such fluorescent staining results were quantified using unbiased stereology quantification to generate data shown in Fig 4c and Fig 5d. (c) A Z-stack confocal image of a TuJI+ neurons differentiated from IL-6 treated NSPCs; (d) IL-1β, IL-6 and Combo could promote neuronal differentiation of NSPCs indicated by the percentage of TuJI+ neurons. Combo was significantly more potent than IL-1β and IL-6 alone. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001 (unpaired, 2-tailed, student's t-test).