Fig. 5.

Using dynamic clamp to study the effects of NMDARs on BC firing. A: examples of injected NMDAR (top) and AMPAR (middle) conductances and the BC response (bottom) for a 200-Hz train with 1× NMDAR/AMPAR ratio (NAR) and “middle” temporal summation. B: spike raster for BC firing at different NAR (n = 20 of each). Increasing the NAR increases the spike probability. C: effects of NMDAR for a single input on spike probability, latency, and jitter in dynamic clamp. Several factors are tested, including input frequency (100, 200, 333 Hz), amount of temporal summation (TS; “tall,” “middle,” “short”; see Fig. 3E), NAR (0, 1×, and 2×), and latency within the train. The responses are quantified relative to NAR = 0. Red symbols indicate significant changes from control (P < 0.05, Student's t-test). Data are averages of 5–10 cells.