Table 1.

Overview of studies concerning progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected children.

Author	Year reported	Sex	Age (years)	Country	Presentation	MRI/CT	Previous HIV- related event	HAART regimen	CD4 T-cell % or count (cell/μL)		Viral load (copies/mL)		Outcome
									Baseline	Nearest to episode	Baseline	Nearest to episode
Oberdorfer et al.	2009	M	9	Thailand	Right hemiplegia	Frond-like hypodense lesion at the left frontal lobe	None	Initially nothing then AZT, 3TC, NVP	0.21	0.21	185 976	185 976	Dead
Liptai et al.	2007	M	15 1/2	Hungary	Dizzy, diplopia, clumsy right hand, unsteady gait	Large, nonenhancing lesion of the right cerebellar heimsphere with a slight mass effect	None reported	Initially AZT, ddl then refused HAART	37	10.5	2900	256 000	Dead
Shah and Chudgar.	2005	F	8 1/2	India	Right-sided dystonia, inability to talk, eat, or sit	Asymmetrical subcortical, right frontoparietal, left occipitoparietal and left vasal ganglia lesions	Generalized tonic clonic seizures and loss of consciousness	Initially nothing then AZT, 3TC, EFV, NLF		320			Alive, still has dystonia
Robinson et al.	2004	M	17	USA	Dysarthric speech, facial palsy	Multiple confluent areas of high signal and fluid attenuated inversion recovery in the corona radiata bilaterally	Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia	Initially AZT, 3TC then d4T, NVP, lopinavir/ ritonavir then included cidofovir	3	3	10–90 000	29 100	Stable, wide-based gait, dysarthria, right-sided tongue deviation
Nuttall et al.	2004	M	12	South Africa	Acute cerebellar dysfunction, hemiparesis	Nonenhancing low density lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere	Growth failure, chronic lung disease	d4T, 3TC, efavirenz	1.08	5.45	96 000	Undetectable	Stable, mild cerebellar dysfunction
Inui et al.	1999	M	12	Jaban	Left upper extremity weakness	White matter lesions of the right frontal, parietal and occipital lobes	Candida stomatitis	AZT then ritonavir and 3TC added		9.5		7600	Stable, left hemiparesis
Araujo et al.	1997	M	10	Brazil	Subacute cerebellar dysfunction, dementia	Focal nonenhancing area of low attenuation in the cerebellum	None reported
Morriss et al.	1997	M	7	USA	Decreased activity, slurred speech, ataxia	Confluent, nonenhancing, low density lesion in the right cerebellar white matter, middle cerebellar peduncle and dorsolateral pons	Candida esophagitis	ddc		0			Death
Whiteman et al.	1993	M	10	USA
		F	12	USA		Increased signal intensity in the basal ganglia and corona radiata bilaterally
Berger et al.	1992	F	13	USA	Dysarthria, paresthesias of tongue and chin	Sinusitis and hyperintense signals in the basal ganglia	Oral candidiasis	AZT	421	7			Death
		M	10	USA	Facial palsy	Left frontal lobe lesion	Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia	AZT	100				Death
Vandersteenhoven et al.	1992	M	7	USA	Decreased activity, left hemiparesis, falling	Bilateral confluent abnormal white matter hyperintensity in the region of the right subcortical/ periventricular region	None reported	Initially nothing then AZT		390			Death