Table 1. Sociodemographic and Clinical Data of the Study Groups.
| Controls (n = 47) | Bipolar Depressed (n = 32) | Statistic (df) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, M/F, No. | 20/27 | 13/19 | χ2(1) = 0.029 | NS (0.87) |
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 38.1 ± 14.7 | 38.4 ± 9.7 | t(77.0) = -0.143 | NS (0.89) |
| Bipolar I/bipolar II, No. | NA | 18/14 | ||
| Inpatient/Outpatient, No. | NA | 16/16 | ||
| Age at 1st major depressive episode, mean ± SD, y | NA | 20.3 ± 9.8 | ||
| Age at 1st manic or hypomanic episode, mean ± SD, y | NA | 28.0 ± 10.6 | ||
| Length of current major depressive episode, wk | NA | 35.3 ± 64.0 | ||
| Antidepressant history, exposed/naïve, No. | NA | 29/3 | ||
| Previous suicide attempts, No. (%) | NA | 19 (59%) | ||
| Number of suicide attempts in attempters (n = 19), No. | NA | 1.6 ± 2.1 | ||
| HDRS (17-item) score, mean ± SD | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 18.0 ± 4.9 | t(31.7) = -17.9 | <0.001 |
| Beck Depression Inventory score, mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 2.6 | 25.7 ± 11.0 | t(33.4)= -12.1 | <0.001 |
| Young Mania Scale score | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 7.1 | t(30.3) = -4.8 | <0.001 |
| Global Assessment Scale score, mean ± SD† | 90.1 ± 4.5 | 47.6 ± 10.5 | t(35.8) = 21.0 | <0.001 |
| Aggression Inventory Score (Brown-Goodwin)† | 14.0 ± 3.7 | 20.0 ± 6.5 | t(43.4) = -4.7 | <0.001 |
| 5-HT1APR C(-1019)G biallelic genotype, No. (%)† | ||||
| CC | 15 (32.6) | 8 (25.8) | ||
| CG | 27 (58.7) | 15 (48.4) | ||
| GG | 4 (8.7) | 8 (25.8) | FET* | NS (0.057)** |
Abbreviations: HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; NA, not applicable; NS, not significant
†
Based on 46 healthy volunteers and 31 depressed bipolar patients
*
Fisher’s exact test (two-sided) comparing count data for homozygotes with GG v. non-GG homozygotes (i.e. CC and CG) between groups
**
Fisher’s exact test (one-sided) p=0.045