Table 1a.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Subsequent Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) Status in Men, mean (SD) or N (%).
| PDR (n=103) | No PDR (n=110) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 25.1 (6.4) | 24.2 (7.8) | 0.35 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 16.8 (5.7) | 16.1 (6.7) | 0.43 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 16.5 (1.2) | 16.1 (1.2) | 0.009 |
| White blood cells (× 103/mm2) | 6.2 (1.6) | 6.2 (1.8) | 0.92 |
| Body mass index (kg/m^2) | 23.7 (2.9) | 22.9 (3.4) | 0.05 |
| Overt Nephropathy (%) | 36 (39.1) | 14 (12.8) | <0.0001 |
| Estimated GFR (MDRD) (ml/min/1.73 m2) *, median (IQR) | 107.1 (92.2–146.2) | 107.1 (88.7–139.1) | 0.70 |
| Albumin excretion rate (μg/min)*, median (IQR) | 14.8 (9.0–65.2) | 8.6 (5.7–21.6) | 0.0003 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl)* | 186.1 (37.7) | 174.4 (33.0) | 0.02 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 136.9 (37.0) | 124.1 (33.6) | 0.009 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 49.2 (9.0) | 50.2 (10.0) | 0.42 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 262.8 (80.2) | 266.2 (81.6) | 0.76 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 114.8 (13.6) | 111.3 (12.5) | 0.05 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74.4 (9.5) | 71.0 (9.9) | 0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.0 (1.5) | 8.5 (1.5) | 0.009 |
| Total insulin injections /day | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 0.15 |
| Current smoker (%) | 22 (21.8) | 19 (19.0) | 0.62 |
*
Natural logarithmically transformed before analysis GFR (MDRD)=estimated glomerular filtration rate, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula IQR=interquartile range HDL=high density lipoprotein HbA1c=glycosylated hemoglobin A1c