Nonhousing net worth: Sum of the following household nonhousing asset amounts reported by respondents at the 1992 survey: values of checking and savings accounts; certificates of deposit, bonds, and Treasury bills; individual retirement accounts; stock and mutual funds; vehicles; business equity; equity in real estate other than respondents' primary assets; and other reported nonhousing assets. It was divided by 100,000 for scalar consistency with the outcome. |
Continuous variable |
No vigorous physical activity: “How often do you participate in vigorous physical exercise or sports—such as aerobics, running, swimming, or bicycling? (Would you say 3 or more times a week, 1 or 2 times a week, 1 to 3 times a month, less than once a month, or never?)” |
1 = physical activity < 3 times/week, 0 = physical activity ≥3 times/week |
Problem alcohol use (CAGE): “Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking? Have people ever annoyed you by criticizing your drinking? Have you ever felt bad or guilty about drinking? Have you ever taken a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover?” The CAGE score is the sum of positive responses. |
1 = CAGE score > 2, 0 = CAGE score < 2 |
CES-D-8 score: Short form of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale battery. Statements indicated whether respondent felt depressed; felt everything he or she did was an effort; experienced restless sleep; "could not get going"; felt lonely; felt sad; enjoyed life; and was happy. Score ranges from 0 to 8; Cronbach's α = .83. |
Sum of eight items (final two items of battery reverse coded) |
Vision impaired: “(With your eyeglasses) is your eyesight excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?” |
1 = rates vision fair or poor, 0 = rates vision excellent, very good, or good |
Hearing impaired: “(Using your hearing aid) is your hearing excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?” |
1 = rates hearing fair or poor, 0 = rates hearing excellent, very good, or good |
Pain: Are you often troubled with pain? |
1 = often has pain, 0 = otherwise. |
Medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, arthritis or rheumatism, stroke): “Has a doctor ever told you that you have [common medical condition]?” |
1 = reports condition indicated by doctor, 0 = otherwise. |