Table 1.

Drug induced hematologic syndromes.

Syndrome	Examples of associated drugs	References
Immunohemolytic anemia	Pencillins, cephaloporins, alpha-methyl-DOPA, oxaliplatin, fludarabine, anti-Rh D antiglobulin	[1–4]
Nonimmune hemolytic anemia	Ribavirin, phenazopyridine, chloroquine,	[5, 6]
Methhemoglobinemia	Phenazopyridine, dapsone, benzocaine, prilocaine	[7–13]
Megaloblastic anemia	Rrimethoprim, pyrimethamine, diphenyhydantoin	[14–16]
Sideroblastic anemia	Isoniazid, chloramphenicol, linezolide	[17–22]
Aplastic anemia	Chloramphenical, gold, NSAIDs,	[23–27]
Pure red cell aplasia	Diphenylhydantoin, azathioprine, chlopropamide, isoniazid, erythropoietin	[28–33]
Immune thrombocytopenia	Quinine, quinidine, heparin, vancomycin, sulfas, pencillins, glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors	[34–40]
Thrombotic microangiopathy	Quinine, quinidine, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, cylosporine A, mitomycin-C, cisplatin	[41–45]
Platelet dysfunction	Pencillins, beta-lactam antibiotics, aspirin, NSAIDs	[46, 47]
Hypercoagulability	Estrogens, tamoxifen, asparaginase, heparin, bevacizumab, thalidomide/lenalidomide, COX-2 inhibitors, erythropoietin	[48–66]
Circulating anticoagulants	Isoniazid, hydralazine, procainamide	[67–70]
Hypoprothrombinemia	Cephalosporins, pencillins, sulfas	[71–73]
Neutropenia	Antithyroid drugs, procainamide, sulfas, captopril, phenothiazines, diphenylhydantoin, rituximab	[74–77]
Neutrophilia	Glucocorticoids, lithium, G- and GM-CSF	[78–81]
Eosinophilia	Pencillins, sulfas, allopurinol, diphenylhydantoin	[82, 83]
Polycythemia	Erythropoietin, anabolic steroids, diuretics	[84]
Acute leukemia/myelodyplasia	Alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors	[85–95]