Fig. 4.

Apoptotic responses in human recurrent glioblastoma multiforme treated with intranasal administration of POH. A: initial GBM; B: Astrocytic tumor of the highest grade with dense cellularity and striking pleomorphism (HE×100); C, D: treated initial GBM by activated caspase-3 immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL). We found apoptotic cells in the treated tumor G: by activated caspase-3 immunohistochemistry and H: terminal deoxynucleotidyl-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL); E: computed tomography demonstrating a recurrent glioblastoma after radiation therapy and response to intranasal delivery of perillyl alcohol after 6 months treatment; F: scattered apoptotic cells (tumor cells) related to the areas with radiation and POH treatment effects (HE×400).