Table 1.
Pooled mean and percentiles of the distribution of antimicrobial use density (AD = DDD/1,000 patient days [pd]), 1/2001–12/2004, all SARI ICUs (n = 40), the median AD of surgical, medical and interdisciplinary ICUs and temporal differences between 2001 vs 2004 (data on 34 SARI ICUs providing antimicrobial use data from 2001 to 2004).
| Pooled data of all SARI-ICUs 01/2001–12/2004 | Pooled data by type of ICU 01/2001–12/2004 | Data of 34 SARI-ICUs, 2001–2004 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | Median AD | Median AD | No. of ICUs with a change from year 2001 to 2004 | |||||||
| Antimicrobial group (ATC WHO)/Antimicrobials | Pooled mean | 25% percentile | Median | 75% percentile | Medical (n = 11) | Surgical (n = 15) | Interdisc. (n = 14) | Year 2001 | Year 2004 | Increase/decrease/no change |
| Total antimicrobial use | 1,321.3 | 1,038.6 | 1,350.5 | 1,582.8 | 1,468.8 | 1,151.8 | 1,338.3 | 1,247.1 | 1,384.6 | 22/12/0 |
| Penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitor | 277.2 | 111.9 | 219.1 | 384.9 | 216.8 | 221.4 | 217.5 | 258.5 | 191.5 | 8/26/0* |
| Quinolones | 141.3 | 102.7 | 125.8 | 172.3 | 128.0 | 123.8 | 125.8 | 130.6 | 138.3 | 19/15/0 |
| Second generation cephalosporins | 118.1 | 58.6 | 107.8 | 166.4 | 78.7 | 110.9 | 145.6 | 106.2 | 104.7 | 19/15/0 |
| Third generation cephalosporins | 107.5 | 84.1 | 102.8 | 140.4 | 92.4 | 101.2 | 106.3 | 100.6 | 112.6 | 19/15/0 |
| Penicillins with extended spectrum | 96.0 | 30.1 | 81.8 | 156.5 | 114.7 | 32.8 | 121.2 | 75.3 | 102.3 | 25/9/0* |
| Carbapenems | 81.4 | 41.0 | 70.8 | 122.3 | 68.0 | 120.2 | 59.1 | 66.5 | 65.7 | 19/15/0 |
| Macrolides | 70.2 | 31.6 | 60.1 | 106.5 | 103.5 | 32.0 | 60.1 | 61.7 | 56.2 | 15/18/1 |
| Imidazoles | 52.3 | 0.0 | 52.0 | 101.6 | 42.3 | 34.5 | 89.4 | 53.1 | 50.5 | 11/14/9 |
| First generation cephalosporins | 43.2 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 56.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 10/9/15 |
| Aminoglycosides | 41.4 | 19.0 | 40.4 | 64.4 | 40.2 | 37.5 | 47.0 | 59.6 | 28.4 | 8/26/0* |
| Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins | 39.1 | 0.1 | 12.5 | 36.0 | 27.2 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 9.0 | 20.7 | 17/11/6 |
| Glycopeptides | 36.7 | 17.5 | 30.0 | 50.2 | 29.8 | 39.2 | 18.1 | 24.8 | 29.5 | 17/17/0 |
| Sulfonamides and trimethoprim combinations | 29.7 | 0.1 | 21.0 | 32.2 | 28.0 | 22.1 | 14.4 | 16.9 | 9.3 | 11/15/8 |
| Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins | 18.2 | 0.1 | 15.9 | 29.3 | 26.7 | 7.3 | 16.1 | 5.5 | 16.7 | 20/7/7* |
| Lincosamides | 14.1 | 0.0 | 11.7 | 26.1 | 15.4 | 8.8 | 12.9 | 11.0 | 12.4 | 12/13/9 |
| Tetracyclines | 7.1 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 16.6 | 8.6 | 0.0 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 12/9/13 |
| Fourth generation cephalosporins | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5/4/25 |
Other antimicrobials and inhibitors (J01CG) are not listed