Table 4.

Multiple Group Analyses—Effects of American Orientation on Model Relationships

Constrained Path	χ2 (df)	χ2 Difference Test p-value
Alienation
1. None	0 (0)	--
2. w1 discrimination → w2 discrimination w1 alienation → w2 alienation	4.04 (2)	n.s.
3. w1 discrimination → w2 alienation w1 alienation → w2 discrimination	4.53 (4)	n.s.
4. w2 discrimination →w2 alienation	17.89 (5)	.000
Depressive Symptoms
1. None	0 (0)	--
2. w1 discrimination →w2 discrimination w1 depression →w2 depression	0.18 (2)	n.s.
3. w1 discrimination →w2 depression w1 depression →w2 discrimination	4.08 (4)	n.s.
4. w2 discrimination →w2 depression	5.46 (5)	n.s.
School Engagement
1. None	0 (0)	--
2. w1 discrimination →w2 discrimination w1 engagement →w2 engagement	1.06 (2)	n.s.
3. w1 engagement →w2 discrimination	1.73 (3)	n.s.
4. w1 discrimination →w2 engagement	8.17 (4)	.01
4. w2 discrimination →w2 engagement	13.57 (5)	.02
Grades in School
1. None	0 (0)	--
2. w1 discrimination →w2 discrimination w1 grades →w2 grades	4.14 (2)	n.s.
3. w1 discrimination →w2 grades w1 grades →w2 discrimination	4.14 (4)	n.s.
4. w2 discrimination →w2 grades	8.45 (5)	.04

Note. Models are nested step-wise such that a given step includes current constraints as well as constraints imposed in previous steps. n.s. denotes nonsignificant difference.