Table 2.
| Significant PHQ Somatic Symptoms | Significant PHQ Cognitive Symptoms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n=624 |
No n=1723 |
P Value | Yes n=590 |
No n=1757 |
P Value | |
| Demographics, No. (%) | ||||||
| Age, years | 59.1±12.6 | 61.4±13.0 | <.001 | 58.0±11.7 | 61.7±13.1 | <.001 |
| Female sex | 256 (41.0) | 497 (28.8) | <.001 | 233 (39.5) | 520 (29.6) | <.001 |
| Race | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| White/Caucasian | 427 (68.6) | 1307 (76.3) | 395 (67.3) | 1339 (76.6) | ||
| Black/African American | 162 (26.0) | 330 (19.3) | 161 (27.4) | 331 (18.9) | ||
| Other | 33 (5.3) | 75 (4.4) | 31 (5.3) | 77 (4.4) | ||
| Socioeconomic factors, No. (%) | ||||||
| Married | 335 (54.3) | 1066 (62.7) | <.001 | 307 (53.1) | 1094 (62.9) | .001 |
| Greater than high school education | 259 (42.2) | 864 (50.8) | <.001 | 244 (42.1) | 879 (50.6) | <.001 |
| Having no insurance | 81 (13.8) | 194 (11.8) | .22 | 91 (16.2) | 184 (11.0) | .001 |
| Working full- or part-time | 231 (37.2) | 793 (46.4) | <.001 | 211 (36.0) | 813 (46.6) | <.001 |
| Medical history, No. (%) | ||||||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 323 (51.8) | 822 (47.7) | .08 | 303 (51.4) | 842 (47.9) | .15 |
| Hypertension | 426 (68.3) | 1061 (61.6) | .01 | 410 (69.5) | 1077 (61.3) | <.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 58 (9.3) | 128 (7.4) | .14 | 46 (7.8) | 140 (8.0) | .89 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 219 (35.1) | 453 (26.3) | <.001 | 201 (34.1) | 471 (26.8) | <.001 |
| Prior AMI | 164 (26.3) | 335 (19.4) | <.001 | 163 (27.6) | 336 (19.1) | <.001 |
| Prior angina | 132 (21.2) | 271 (15.7) | .01 | 128 (21.7) | 275 (15.7) | <.001 |
| Prior CABG | 90 (14.4) | 206 (12.0) | .11 | 85 (14.4) | 211 (12.0) | .13 |
| Prior PCI | 129 (20.7) | 279 (16.2) | .01 | 120 (20.3) | 288 (16.4) | .03 |
| Prior stroke | 45 (7.2) | 109 (6.3) | .44 | 49 (8.3) | 105 (6.0) | .05 |
| Chronic renal failure | 76 (12.2) | 155 (9.0) | .02 | 62 (10.5) | 169 (9.6) | .53 |
| Chronic lung disease | 122 (19.6) | 184 (10.7) | <.001 | 100 (16.9) | 206 (11.7) | .001 |
| Chronic heart failure | 108 (17.3) | 175 (10.2) | <.001 | 98 (16.6) | 185 (10.5) | <.001 |
| Cancer (other than skin) | 46 (7.4) | 150 (8.7) | .30 | 42 (7.1) | 154 (8.8) | .21 |
| Smoked within last 30 days | 233 (37.6) | 567 (33.0) | .04 | 244 (41.7) | 556 (31.7) | <.001 |
| Body Mass Index | 29.7±6.6 | 29.0±6.3 | .03 | 29.6±6.4 | 29.1±6.4 | .10 |
| Family history of CAD | 228 (36.5) | 574 (33.3) | .15 | 218 (36.9) | 584 (33.2) | .10 |
| Currently receiving treatment for depression | 150 (24.2) | 147 (8.6) | <.001 | 167 (28.5) | 130 (7.4) | <.001 |
| Clinical characteristics index MI admission, No. (%) | ||||||
| ST-elevation MI | 249 (39.9) | 768 (44.6) | .04 | 235 (39.8) | 782 (44.5) | .05 |
| Ejection fraction <40% | 181 (29.0) | 427 (24.9) | .04 | 159 (26.9) | 449 (25.6) | .53 |
| Killip class | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| I (No heart failure) | 400 (76.0) | 1252 (85.1) | 391 (77.0) | 1261 (84.7) | ||
| II (Heart failure) | 87 (16.5) | 169 (11.5) | 83 (16.3) | 173 (11.6) | ||
| III (Pulmonary edema) | 28 (5.3) | 24 (1.6) | 23 (4.5) | 29 (1.9) | ||
| IV (Cardiogenic shock) | 11 (2.1) | 26 (1.8) | 11 (2.2) | 26 (1.7) | ||
| Diseased vessels (>75% stenosis) | .12 | .07 | ||||
| 0 | 61 (11.7) | 131 (8.6) | 58 (11.8) | 134 (8.6) | ||
| 1 | 268 (51.2) | 763 (50.3) | 227 (46.3) | 804 (51.8) | ||
| 2 | 101(19.3) | 340 (22.4) | 113 (23.1) | 328 (21.1) | ||
| 3 | 93 (17.8) | 284 (18.7) | 92 (18.8) | 285 (18.4) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 140.2±32.8 | 138.9±30.8 | .39 | 140.0±32.5 | 139.0±31.0 | .53 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 83.4±20.0 | 80.5±22.1 | .01 | 83.8±21.1 | 80.4±21.7 | <.001 |
| Catheterization and revascularization data, No. (%) | ||||||
| Primary or other PCI | 356 (57.1) | 1069 (62.0) | .03 | 324 (54.9) | 1101 (62.7) | <.001 |
| Coronary angiography (catheterization, PCI, CABG) |
523 (83.8) | 1518 (88.1) | .01 | 490 (83.1) | 1551 (88.3) | .001 |
| Revascularization (PCI, CABG, thrombolytic) |
421 (67.5) | 1268 (73.6) | .01 | 387 (65.6) | 1302 (74.1) | <.001 |
| Patient instructions at discharge, No. (%) | ||||||
| Cardiac rehabilitation | 263 (42.1) | 870 (50.5) | <.001 | 240 (40.7) | 893 (50.8) | <.001 |
| Diet counselling | 485 (77.7) | 1332 (77.3) | .83 | 457 (77.5) | 1360 (77.4) | .98 |
| Exercise counselling | 267 (42.8) | 868 (50.4) | .001 | 252 (42.7) | 883 (50.3) | .01 |
| Lipid assessment | 67 (10.7) | 269 (15.6) | .01 | 74 (12.5) | 262 (14.9) | .16 |
| Smoking cessation | 199 (31.9) | 480 (27.9) | .06 | 204 (34.6) | 475 (27.0) | <.001 |
| Clinical site information | ||||||
| QOC: Number of eligible indicators | 5.1±1.4 | 5.2±1.3 | .45 | 5.1±1.3 | 5.2±1.3 | .20 |
| QOC: Percent of eligible indicators received | 85.3±19.0 | 88.2±17.0 | <.001 | 86.6±18.1 | 87.7±17.4 | .18 |
| Depressive symptoms, No. (%) | ||||||
| Depression present baseline (PHQ ≥10) | 444 (71.2) | 80 (4.6) | <.001 | 455 (77.1) | 69 (3.9) | <.001 |
*
Depression dimensions were defined by the highest score quartile for somatic and for cognitive depressive symptoms.
†
Plus-minus values are means ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BMI, body mass index (kilograms/meters2); CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary interventions; PHQ, patient health questionnaire; QOC, quality of care; STEMI, ST-segment elevation.