. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 20.

Published in final edited form as: Psychosom Med. 2009 Jun 26;71(6):598–606. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181acee26

TABLE 3.

Cox proportional hazards ratio (HR) estimates for cardiovascular mortality in bipolar disorder

Variable	HR	95% C.I. HR
Age^a	1.13	1.09 – 1.16
Male gender^b	3.23	1.54 – 6.78
Bipolar I subtype	1.85	0.74 – 4.65
First-generation antipsychotics exposure	0.99	0.88 – 1.10
Lithium exposure	1.06	0.96 – 1.18
TCA exposure	0.87	0.74 – 1.03
SSRI exposure^b	0.31	0.14 – 0.72
Manic symptom burden^b	1.3	1.09 – 1.55
Depressive symptom burden	1.14	0.98 – 1.33

p<0.001

p<0.01