Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 617 patients with cardiovascular disease according to level of cardiovascular multimorbidity
| Characteristic | CVD only (n = 339) |
CVD & CKD (n = 203) |
CVD & Anaemia (n = 38) |
CVD & CKD & Anaemia (n = 37) |
p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) (SD) | 74.47 (13.4) | 51.18 (10.3) | 72.08 (11.6) | 45.81 (14.5) | <0.01 |
| Mean Hb (g/dL) (SD) | 14.50 (1.11) | 13.95 (1.14) | 11.13 (1.57) | 11.05 (1.53) | <0.01 |
| Mean Age in years (SD) | 64.49 (8.9) | 69.74 (7.48) | 66.90 (9.62) | 72.64 (4.99) | <0.01 |
| Female sex (%) | 27.4 | 60.3 | 39.5 | 63.1 | <0.01 |
| Current Smoker (%) | 30.4 | 24.8 | 40.0 | 30.8 | 0.676 |
| Previous CVD event (%) | |||||
| MI | 46.6 | 41.1 | 44.7 | 55.3 | 0.361 |
| Angina | 83.7 | 88.7 | 86.8 | 81.6 | 0.379 |
| Heart Failure | 8.0 | 11.8 | 7.9 | 10.5 | 0.502 |
| Previous Co-morbidity (%) | |||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 5.0 | 7.8 | 5.3 | 10.5 | 0.347 |
| Stroke | 4.4 | 5.9 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 0.481 |
| Thromboembolism(PE, DVT, TIA) | 10.3 | 18.1 | 2.6 | 10.5 | 0.012 |
| Baseline Clinical status (SD) | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 137.2 (17.7) | 138.8 (19.8) | 133.8 (15.5) | 139.6 (21.3) | 0.418 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 80.6 (9.3) | 79.9 (8.7) | 77.2 (10.0) | 81.2 (8.4) | 0.172 |
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.3 (0.97) | 5.4 (1.0) | 4.9 (0.9) | 5.5 (1.4) | 0.031 |
| Baseline medication (%) | |||||
| Aspirin | 75.4 | 67.5 | 71.0 | 81.6 | 0.131 |
| B-Blocker | 51.0 | 46.3 | 55.3 | 34.2 | 0.170 |
| Lipid-lowering agent | 50.7 | 50.7 | 36.8 | 28.9 | 0.029 |
| ACE Inhibitor | 25.2 | 25.1 | 26.3 | 31.6 | 0.854 |
*p value refers to the one-way ANOVA and Chi-squared analyses comparing the 4 groups