Table 1.
Determinant level | WHO DPSEEA modela framework level (14) | WHO Burden of disease framework level (15) | Our selected variables |
---|---|---|---|
High level (socio-economic) | Driving forces and Pressures behind different health risks | Distal socio-economic causes | 1a. Socio-economic measures (education; employment; income) |
1b. Housing conditions (renting; amenities in home; rubbish and odours in neighbourhood) | |||
1c. Household possessions (modern home appliances; motorcycle; car) | |||
Mid level (environmental) | State of the living/working environment and related conditions | Proximal causes | 2a. Physical environment (pollution; agrochemicals or pesticides in neighbourhood; workplace hazards) |
2b. Social conditions (engagement in social activities; social support; trust) | |||
2c. Working conditions (shift work; working extended hours; job security) | |||
Proximate level (behavioural) | Exposures to specific hazards | Physiological and pathophysiological cause | 3a. Diet (fried foods; junk food; fruit and vegetables) |
3b. Physical activity and inactivity (exercise; housework; sedentary past-times) | |||
3c. Health-damaging practices (smoking; alcohol; use of seatbelt/helmet) | |||
Health outcomes | Effects on health and well-being | Outcomes and sequelae | 4a. Metabolic health states (obesity; high blood pressure; diabetes) |
4b. General and mental health (overall health; psychological distress; emotional limitations) | |||
4c. Injuries (traffic injury; injury in the home; workplace injury) |
aDPSEEA model = ‘Driving forces–Pressures–State–Exposure–Effects–Actions’ model.