Fig. 4.

Effects of adenylyl cyclase or cNMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor on HR of plants to avirulent pathogen Pst avrRpt2 (A and B), and LPS-dependent NO (C) or ROS generation (D). For A and B, HR was monitored as ion leakage, and results are presented as means (n = 3) ± SE. These experiments were repeated at least two times. For C and D, bright field (Left) and fluorescence (Right) images are shown. (C) Effect of alloxan and exogenous cAMP on LPS-dependent NO generation in guard cells of leaf tissue from WT plants. For the images labeled as “buffer,” leaf tissue was incubated in loading buffer containing no LPS, cAMP, or alloxan. (D) LPS-dependent ROS generation in guard cells of leaf tissue from WT and dnd1 plants. In all cases, LPS was present in the loading buffer. Quantitative analyses of results presented in (C and D) are shown in Fig. S4.