Fig. 5.

Effect of pathogen inoculation on cAMP levels in Arabidopsis leaves. In all cases, Pst avrRpm1 pathogen or mock inoculum was vacuum-infiltrated into leaves at time ‘0′. Results are presented as means (n = 3–4) ± SE. For the experiment shown in (C), all treatments included 0.1% (vol/vol) DMSO. ANOVA analysis comparing pooled values from the three experiments (A–C) for “pathogen” (unfilled square symbols) with “no pathogen” (unfilled circles) treatments at 10-min post-inoculation indicated that leaf [cAMP] in pathogen-treated leaves was significantly greater at P < 0.05.