Table 1. Subject Characteristics According to Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB).
Characteristic | Overall (N = 2,911) |
SDB (RDI > 15) (n = 768) |
Non-SDB (RDI <15) (n = 2,143) |
P-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Subject characteristic | ||||
Age, mean ± SD | 76.4 ± 5.5 | 76.9 ± 5.5 | 76.2 ± 5.6 | .003 |
Race, % | ||||
Caucasian | 90.7 | 89.3 | 91.2 | .22 |
African American | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4 | |
Asian | 2.9 | 3.7 | 2.6 | |
Other | 3.0 | 3.5 | 2.8 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 27.2 ± 3.8 | 28.5 ± 4.2 | 26.7 ± 3.6 | <.001 |
>30 kg/m2, % | 20.3 | 31.5 | 16.3 | <.001 |
Neck circumference, cm, mean ± SD | 39.5 ± 3.0 | 40.2 ± 2.9 | 39.2 ± 2.9 | <.001 |
Waist circumference, cm, mean ± SD | 99.7 ± 11.2 | 102.9 ± 11.4 | 98.5 ± 10.9 | <.001 |
Hip circumference, cm, mean ± SD | 102.9 ± 8.6 | 105.0 ± 9.0 | 102.2 ± 8.3 | <.001 |
Waist–hip circumference ratio, mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | <.001 |
Symptoms | ||||
Current snoring ≥3–5 times per week (vs < 3 times per week) | 29.9 | 41.2 | 25.6 | <.001 |
Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) (range 0–24), mean ± SD | 6.2 ± 3.7 | 6.6 ± 4.0 | 6.0 ± 3.6 | <.001 |
Excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10), % | 13.1 | 16.7 | 11.8 | <.001 |
Loud snoring (bed partner report vs no snoring) | 57.5 | 63.9 | 55.2 | <.001 |
Witnessed apnea (bed partner report vs no witnessed apneas) | 27.5 | 36.6 | 24.3 | <.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes mellitus, % | 13.3 | 16.8 | 12.0 | <.001 |
Hypertension, % | 49.9 | 57.3 | 47.3 | <.001 |
Cardiovascular disease, % | 33.3 | 37.4 | 31.9 | .005 |
Heart failure, % | 6.0 | 9.2 | 4.8 | <.001 |
Stroke, % | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.9 | .61 |
Alcoholic drinks per week, % | ||||
0 | 34.5 | 35.1 | 34.3 | .54 |
<1 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 12.5 | |
1–2 | 12.7 | 13.6 | 12.3 | |
3–5 | 15.5 | 16.6 | 15.2 | |
6–13 | 19.5 | 18.1 | 20.0 | |
≥14 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.7 | |
Current cigarette smoker (vs other), % | 2.0 | 1.3 | 2.2 | .13 |
Number of cigarettes smoked per day, mean ± SD | 0.3 ± 2.3 | 0.2 ± 2.0 | 0.3 ± 2.4 | .13 |
RDI = Respiratory Disturbance Index; SD = standard deviation.