TABLE 2.
Baseline Characteristics of 1,180 Olmsted County, Minnestoa Residents Undergoing Urgent Hip Fracture Repair, 1988–2002, by Body Mass Index Classification
| Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obese | P-value‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (< 18.5kg/m2) | (18.5–24.9kg/m2) | (25–29.9kg/m2) | ≥ 30kg/m2 | ||
| Variable | n=184 | n=640 | n=251 | n=105 | |
| Age (years) | 84.8±8.0 | 85.0±7.2 | 83.1±7.3 | 80.7±7.4 | <0.001 |
| Female Sex | 171 (92.9) | 525 (82) | 177 (70.5) | 76 (72.4) | <0.001 |
| Pre-Admission Residence | |||||
| ALC/SNF | 79 (42.9) | 250 (39.1) | 83 (33.1) | 36 (34.3) | 0.024 |
| Home | 105 (57.1) | 390 (60.9) | 168 (66.9) | 69 (65.7) | |
| Functional Status* | |||||
| Dependent | 25 (13.6) | 80 (12.5) | 24 (9.6) | 7 (6.7) | 0.044 |
| Walking Independently | 159 (86.4) | 560 (87.5) | 226 (90.4) | 97 (93.3) | |
| History of | |||||
| Hypertension | 84 (45.7) | 374 (58.4) | 159 (63.3) | 70 (66.7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 9 (4.9) | 71 (11.1) | 30 (12) | 30 (28.6) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 40 (21.7) | 175 (27.3) | 77 (30.7) | 33 (31.4) | 0.028 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 44 (23.9) | 140 (21.9) | 61 (24.3) | 36 (34.3) | 0.106 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 48 (26.1) | 150 (23.4) | 76 (30.3) | 44 (41.9) | 0.003 |
| Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter | 49 (26.6) | 118 (18.4) | 57 (22.7) | 26 (24.8) | 0.985 |
| Chronic Renal Insufficiency | 11 (6) | 64 (10) | 34 (13.5) | 20 (19) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 63 (34.2) | 233 (36.4) | 74 (29.5) | 26 (24.8) | 0.031 |
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 2 (1.1) | 5 (0.8) | 5 (2.0) | 6 (5.7) | 0.005 |
| COPD | 41 (22.3) | 100 (15.6) | 32 (12.7) | 17 (16.2) | 0.032 |
| Asthma | 13 (7.1) | 47 (7.3) | 18 (7.2) | 12 (11.4) | 0.395 |
| COPD or Asthma | 49 (26.6) | 133 (20.8) | 45 (17.9) | 23 (21.9) | 0.093 |
| Pulmonary Embolism or Deep Vein Thrombosis | 9 (4.9) | 21 (3.3) | 21 (8.4) | 17 (16.2) | <0.001 |
| Osteoporosis | 77 (41.8) | 253 (39.5) | 73 (29.1) | 31 (29.5) | <0.001 |
| Collagen Vascular Diseases | 10 (5.4) | 29 (4.5) | 9 (3.6) | 12 (11.4) | 0.34 |
| Cancer | 61 (33.2) | 169 (26.4) | 75 (29.9) | 32 (30.5) | 0.88 |
| Lymphoma | 2 (1.1) | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.9) | 0.25 |
| Leukemia | 2 (1.1) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1) | |
| Major Surgery Within 90 days | 3 (1.6) | 10 (1.6) | 8 (3.2) | 3 (2.9) | 0.366 |
| ASA Class# | |||||
| I or II | 19 (10.4) | 93 (14.5) | 46 (18.3) | 12 (11.4) | 0.144 |
| III, IV or V | 164 (89.6) | 547 (85.5) | 205 (81.7) | 93 (88.6) | |
| Type of Anesthesia | |||||
| General | 134 (72.8) | 477 (74.5) | 192 (76.5) | 84 (80) | |
| Other (Spinal, Epidural, Local, Combination) | 50 (27.2) | 163 (25.5) | 59 (23.5) | 21 (20) | 0.16 |
| Admission Medications | |||||
| Insulin | 2 (1.1) | 18 (2.8) | 11 (4.4) | 17 (16.2) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 50 (27.2) | 197 (30.8) | 82 (32.7) | 37 (35.2) | 0.126 |
| Beta-blockers | 18 (9.8) | 90 (14.1) | 50 (19.9) | 25 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| ACE/ARB | 32 (17.4) | 95 (14.8) | 55 (21.9) | 28 (26.7) | 0.009 |
| Calcium Channel Blocker | 26 (14.1) | 104 (16.3) | 39 (15.5) | 21 (20) | 0.38 |
| Intensive Care Unit Stay | 63 (34.2) | 154 (24.1) | 61 (24.3) | 30 (28.6) | 0.16 |
| Length of Stay, days | 10.3 (9.7) | 9.7 (6.8) | 10.2 (7.6) | 11.1 (8.6) | 0.10 |
| Discharge Destination** | |||||
| Home | 20 (10.9) | 65 (10.2) | 43 (17.1) | 19 (18.1) | |
| ALC/Nursing Home | 146 (79.8) | 547 (85.5) | 199 (79.3) | 83 (79) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital death | 17 (9.3) | 28 (4.4) | 9 (3.6) | 3 (2.9) | |
Continuous variables are represented as mean±standard deviations. Discrete variables are represented as number (%)
*
there were two (2) patients with missing data
#
there was one (1) patient with missing data
‡
P-values are Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables and either Fisher Exact or Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel values for discrete variables.
**
there were five (5) patients with missing data
Abbreviations: ACE – Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor; ALC – Assisted Living Center; ARB – Angiotensin Receptor Blocker; ASA - COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; SNF Skilled Nursing Facility