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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 20.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Ther. 2009 Sep;31(9):2048–2059. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.09.009

Table I.

Patient demographic and clinical characteristics in a study assessing pharmacy loyalty and predictors of using multiple pharmacies among patients enrolled in the Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly (PACE) pharmacy benefit program and those whose primary pharmacy was among the top 5 pharmacies in Pennsylvania. Values are expressed as no. (%) or mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise specified.

All PACE Patients (N =182,116) Patients with Primary Pharmacy in the Top 5 (N =75,413)
Age as of January 1, 2005, y 78.8 (7.1) 78.7 (6.9)
Female 147,718 (81.1%) 61,802 (82.0%)
White race 168,175 (92.3%) 67,571 (89.6%)
Urban residence 76,580 (42.1%) 37,300 (49.5%)
Population density (persons/sq mile) 2903.0 (4940.1) 3475.6 (5314.6)
 <500 76,210 (41.8%) 25,786 (34.2%)
 500–999.99 29,326 (16.1%) 12,327 (16.3%)
 1000–1499.99 8699 (4.8%) 3902 (5.2%)
 ≥1500 67,881 (37.3%) 33,398 (44.3%)
Chronic disease score for 2004 3.9 (2.7) 3.9 (2.7)
 0 20,952 (11.5%) 8714 (11.6%)
 1–3 66,420 (36.5%) 27,272 (36.2%)
 ≥4 94,744 (52.0%) 39,427 (52.3%)
Unique medications used in 2004 9.1 (5.1) 8.9 (5.0)
 ≤5 Medications 48,570 (26.7%) 20,656 (27.4%)
 6–9 Medications 61,494 (33.8%) 25,894 (34.3%)
 10–14 Medications 46,661 (25.6%) 19,097 (25.3%)
 ≥15 Medications 25,391 (13.9%) 9766 (13.0%)
Prescriptions filled in 2004 52.1 (31.0) 50.9 (29.9)
 <25 Prescriptions 34,294 (18.8%) 14,912 (19.8%)
 25–49 Prescriptions 63,720 (34.7%) 26,563 (35.2%)
 49–74 Prescriptions 45,718 (25.1%) 18,881 (25.0%)
 ≥75 Prescriptions 38,384 (21.1%) 15,057 (20.0%)
Charlson comorbidity index score* in 2004 1.4 (1.8) 1.2 (1.8)
 0 85,499 (46.9%) 38,788 (51.4%)
 1–3 74,024 (40.7%) 28,285 (37.5%)
 ≥4 22,593 (12.4%) 8340 (11.1%)
Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in 2004 70,697 (38.8%) 26,912 (35.7%)
Diagnosis of psychiatric disease in 2004 30,284 (16.6%) 10,744 (14.3%)
Diagnosis of diabetes in 2004 42,208 (23.2%) 15,973 (21.2%)
Diagnosis of cancer in 2004 15,953 (8.8%) 6174 (8.2%)
*

The scale can be used to predict 1-year mortality.