Table I.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics in a study assessing pharmacy loyalty and predictors of using multiple pharmacies among patients enrolled in the Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly (PACE) pharmacy benefit program and those whose primary pharmacy was among the top 5 pharmacies in Pennsylvania. Values are expressed as no. (%) or mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise specified.
| All PACE Patients (N =182,116) | Patients with Primary Pharmacy in the Top 5 (N =75,413) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age as of January 1, 2005, y | 78.8 (7.1) | 78.7 (6.9) |
| Female | 147,718 (81.1%) | 61,802 (82.0%) |
| White race | 168,175 (92.3%) | 67,571 (89.6%) |
| Urban residence | 76,580 (42.1%) | 37,300 (49.5%) |
| Population density (persons/sq mile) | 2903.0 (4940.1) | 3475.6 (5314.6) |
| <500 | 76,210 (41.8%) | 25,786 (34.2%) |
| 500–999.99 | 29,326 (16.1%) | 12,327 (16.3%) |
| 1000–1499.99 | 8699 (4.8%) | 3902 (5.2%) |
| ≥1500 | 67,881 (37.3%) | 33,398 (44.3%) |
| Chronic disease score for 2004 | 3.9 (2.7) | 3.9 (2.7) |
| 0 | 20,952 (11.5%) | 8714 (11.6%) |
| 1–3 | 66,420 (36.5%) | 27,272 (36.2%) |
| ≥4 | 94,744 (52.0%) | 39,427 (52.3%) |
| Unique medications used in 2004 | 9.1 (5.1) | 8.9 (5.0) |
| ≤5 Medications | 48,570 (26.7%) | 20,656 (27.4%) |
| 6–9 Medications | 61,494 (33.8%) | 25,894 (34.3%) |
| 10–14 Medications | 46,661 (25.6%) | 19,097 (25.3%) |
| ≥15 Medications | 25,391 (13.9%) | 9766 (13.0%) |
| Prescriptions filled in 2004 | 52.1 (31.0) | 50.9 (29.9) |
| <25 Prescriptions | 34,294 (18.8%) | 14,912 (19.8%) |
| 25–49 Prescriptions | 63,720 (34.7%) | 26,563 (35.2%) |
| 49–74 Prescriptions | 45,718 (25.1%) | 18,881 (25.0%) |
| ≥75 Prescriptions | 38,384 (21.1%) | 15,057 (20.0%) |
| Charlson comorbidity index score* in 2004 | 1.4 (1.8) | 1.2 (1.8) |
| 0 | 85,499 (46.9%) | 38,788 (51.4%) |
| 1–3 | 74,024 (40.7%) | 28,285 (37.5%) |
| ≥4 | 22,593 (12.4%) | 8340 (11.1%) |
| Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in 2004 | 70,697 (38.8%) | 26,912 (35.7%) |
| Diagnosis of psychiatric disease in 2004 | 30,284 (16.6%) | 10,744 (14.3%) |
| Diagnosis of diabetes in 2004 | 42,208 (23.2%) | 15,973 (21.2%) |
| Diagnosis of cancer in 2004 | 15,953 (8.8%) | 6174 (8.2%) |
*
The scale can be used to predict 1-year mortality.