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Carotid arterial contour. A reflected wave due to increased arterial stiffness generates a systolic wave (Ppk). The difference between this wave and the initial forward-going systolic wave (Pi) is then divided by the pulse pressure (systolic – diastolic pressure [ΔP]) to generate the augmentation index (AIx). AIx = ΔP/pulse pressure (PP). LVET Left ventricular ejection time; Δtp Time to Pi
