TABLE 1.

Methods to determine arterial stiffness and endothelial function

Artierial stiffness

Endothelial function

Compliance measures (diameter-pressure relationship) Stress, strain, elastic modulus measurements from diameter-pressure relationship Pulse wave velocity Peripheral contour analysis with generalized transfer function – AIx Central systolic contour analysis with tonometry to calculate AIx Diastolic contour analysis to determine C1 and C2 compliance Use of beta2-agonists to measure change in AIx as measure of endothelial function

Coronary vasomotion with QCA to Ach Coronary blood flow with Doppler wire to Ach Ultrasound determination of flow-mediated vasodilation Impedance plethysmography with brachial artery infusion of Ach Peripheral arterial tonometry with hyperemia Soluble biomarkers of inflammation Studies of venous distensibility

Ach Acetylcholine; AIx Augmentation index; Large artery compliance; C₁ C₂ Small artery compliance; QCA Quantitative coronary angiography