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. 2009 Nov 17;7:97. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-97

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Copyright ©2009 Lakhan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) anti-oxidant signaling in acute ischemic stroke. Nrf2 is the principal transcription factor that regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying antioxidant enzymes. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by an actin-binding (Kelch-like) protein (Keap1); on exposure of cells to oxidative stress, Nrf2 dissociates from Keap1, translocates into the nucleus, binds to ARE, and transactivates phase II detoxifying and antioxidant genes. Among the spectrum of antioxidant genes controlled by Nrf2 are catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase.