Fig. 5.

Effect of PKC-α and -δ inhibitors on oxalate-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK₁ cells. LLC-PK₁ cells were pretreated with 7.5 μM rottlerin or 2.5 μg/ml inhibitor peptide for 30 min and then exposed to 0.75 mM oxalate along with inhibitors for 3 h, after which histone-associated DNA complex formation was measured. DMSO was used as a vehicle. Data are normalized to control, and values are expressed as means ± SE. Comparisons shown: a, significant compared with control; b, significant compared with oxalate-treated cells; c, significant compared with rottlerin-treated control; d, significant compared with inhibitor peptide-treated control. *P < 0.05; n = 4.